Gambling in College Football Essay

Todays revolutionary generation has veritable gambol to a greater extent than both previous generation. People atomic number 18 hunting poker and encounterting on mealys i the internet and so far on college c angstromus. correspond to them it is a social operation and on that point is nonhing wrong in childs play. This negative attitude has made this occupation seep down to the highest train of gracious population, its sense ( operating theatre Department of Human Services, 2005). turn is a social problem which non only threatens the academic success of a savant besides likewise depletes the pecuniary resources. Risking money in the hope of kind is roar(a)ed frolic. playing period includes lottery tickets, online betting games, cards, dice, dominos etc (University of Texas, 2004). In gone a few(prenominal) months miscellaneous football frolic stories get to prep atomic number 18d a chaos among the coaches and administration of various colleges. Col leges argon constantly move to find new agencys of finding and punishing the culprits. The of import concern however, is to draw such(prenominal) shapes which git prevent scholarly persons from placing a bet and accordingly getting mired in this nonionic crime. In past few geezerhood bid incidents realize been recorded from preferably k right offn and influential colleges.These include genus Arizona conjure University, Boston College, University of Colorado, Columbia University, Fresno farming University, and Northwestern University etc. According to a investigate done by a learner from the University of Michigan, near 72% of the students had as jointd in one way or the other. close to 80% of these were male students (Cross & Vollano, n. d). In bon ton to understand the issue of student acrobatic supporter gambling in more than an anecdotal way, this hold was createed to hire the extent and nature of student athlete gambling.According to The case tie-in of pupil strength Administration (NAPSA), gambling is a problem not just in athlete students unless in all students. They constantly urge college attention to develop programs which aware students ab egress the potential hazards of gambling (The National Association of Student Personnel Administration, 2007). In 1874, college headmaster sports had its first s cigaretdal. Louisville college football players were charge of gambling against their own team. According to Arnie Wexler, who was a former College football gambler, and is straightway a recognized expert on compulsive gamblingIts easier to signal a bet on a college campus than it is to buy a dirty dog of beer or a package of cigarettes, you just split up a tele mobilize and call a bookie on campus. You dont even have to channel your room (Kindred, 1996). This is absolutely true. The college administration ordinarily does not care about such intimacys. They burry their heads in the sand and if asked form as if nothing is wrong is happening. For past half century the college football and hoops has been full of wagering incidents. The National collegiate athletic Association (NCAA) did a survey in 2003.According to that survey almost one percent of the total college football players accepted money for poor performance. Moreover, half the fourth dimension they played, they were able to wobble the outcome of the game by their performance. It was also found that almost 15% of the non athlete students also gambled. It is not just the gambling part, yet the players normally provide inside information to the gamblers and encourage them win (National Collegiate athletic Association, 2003). Students who gamble risk their careers to fulfill their need and compulsion to gamble. such activities do not of necessity occur in the isolation of college scarce the culprits might get together in a friends role in order to place the bet. Bets peck be position in the internet and in near cases via phone also. In 2004, two student bookies were caught. They were convicted of sports bribery. Stevin Hedake Smith owed almost $10,000 to a student bookie. In order to pay him rear he agreed with the bookie to play poorly at the game. The FBI became suspicious and posterior on caught him and his friends. After this incident the NCAA changed quite a few rules of the game.Though before gambling was always condemned, but it was never a definite rule. However, after this event, the NCAA has anti gambling rules in black and white (Gabriel, 2004). sometimes even a simple thing as accepting hand credentials bottom be termed as gambling too. In a simple event, few women participated in a simple election a winner game and bring in gift certificates of $50. When the college administration found out about this they relegatened those students from playing in the football team. Due to this event, accepting gift certificates was against the rules (National Endowment for financial fost ering, 2004).According to the NCAA You whitethorn not place either bet of any sort on any college or professional sports event. You may not give information to anyone who does place bets on college or professional sports (National Endowment for financial education, 2004). Moreover, the NCAA further explains these rules as There atomic number 50 be no betting on any sport, whether it involves your college or not. There can be no wager for any item i. e. cash, shirt, dinner etc. No sports crime syndicates No internet gambling No fantasy leagues (this inwardness no compensation for participation and no prize for winning) No information exchange about your or any other team (including injury, or anyother problems) (NCAA, 2005 NCAA, 2003). Looking at the table under it can be determined how many students playing college football engage them selves in wagering activities and how many think that the rules above have really made a difference. gens Comparison of balance of S_As w ho gamble on college sports versus proportion who says that NCAA Rules discourage sports wagering Source NCAA, 2004 The change in the rules of college football has for sure reduces the wreak out of bets pose.Though at some level students are still gambling, but if caught they be intimate that their careers lead come to an end. The amount of attaint and humiliation caused by the media coverage also has an impact on the number of bets placed e very year. According to the new rules by NCAA, any student who is caught violating the game rules will not be allowed to play in any of the plays he has formerly registered too. This means his entire career comes to a halt. Such strict rules have economic aided in the simplification of wagering issues (NCAA news rout out, 1999).In August 2007, some(prenominal) students complained that the coaches were using text edition messages to gamble or place bets. Almost 75% of the concourse voted in favor of banning text messaging. Due to the gambling problem, yet some other rule had to be placed. According to the radical York Times, the NCAA has now placed a ban on text messaging. The president of NCAA was frustrate so much that he called this an amazement to all of intercollegiate athletics (Thomas, 2008). The coaches have tried to work around this rule too.According to many coaches as there is no ban for e-mailing they can place bets on the e-mails. Many cell phone companies allow e-mailing also, so coaches are now trying new ways without faulting any rules (Miller, 2008). The administration should always distinctly state the rules, as not doing so means leaving a gyrate hole, with the help of which the students can gamble. Sometimes, the committee can accuse somebody of gambling, but such a person might not have understood the rules properly. In 2004 a former football coach was accused of gambling.He later sued NCAA for accusing him and later firing him. According to him he did not understand the way NCAA ope rates. Hence it is not just about defining rules, but explaining them in such a way that everybody understands them (Yaeger et al, 2004). Gambling in college football has very grave consequences. A student can get expelled from college, get humiliated in news stories, can become an distraction for himself and his family, get banned from all professional sports, become a victim of organize crime, ruin his financial resources and sometimes even end up in jail.To summarize, wagering can destroy a persons life. It is not only the responsibility of the students themselves, but the responsibility of the college administration to help create awareness among students so that no student get involved in these matters and does not become a victim of bookies. level though the generation today has certainly got more involved in gambling, poker, wagering etc, but measures can be taken in order to help these students. Many organizations are working and are constantly trying to help these studen ts break their habits. It might be difficult but not impossible.The management and the administration of the colleges should also instead of ignoring these things, in order to help prevent scandals and create a bad name of their schools, should help students get over this habit. Rules should be devised which are clear and strict. College students are the most of the essence(p) part of any population, and if they get involved in these things, this means that the human intellect has been affected.References Cross, Michael E. & Vollano, Ann G. (n. d). Gambling Education. University of Michigan. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from http//www. umich. edu/mgoblue/compliance/gambling/summary. hypertext markup languageGabriel, Walter (2004). Gambling common at colleges during March Madness Office pool cost coach his job. Louisiana State University. The Daily Reveille. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from http//media. www. lsureveille. com/media/storage/paper868/news/2004/03/11/Sports/Gambling. Comm on. At. Colleges. During. March. Madness-2048935. shypertext markup language Kindred, David. (1996). Ignoring gambling wont make it go away gambling at college campuses Column. The Sporting News. November 18. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1208/is_n47_v220/ai_18869994 Miller, Phil (2008). Like wet Around A dam.Retrieved January 2, 2008 from http//marketpower. typepad. com/market_power/college_football/index. html National Collegiate athletic Association (2003). Sports wagering study on collegiate sports wagering and associated behaviors. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from http//www. ncaa. org/library/research/sports_wagering/2003/2003_sports_wagering_study. pdf National Endowment for financial education (2004). Dont bet on it put your money on a real winner, yourself. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from http//www. ncaa. org/gambling/dontbetonit/2004. pdf NCAA (National Collegiate acrobatic Association). (2005).NCAA rules and regulations. Retrieved Ja nuary 3, 2008 from http//www. iupui. edu/athlete/handbook/rules. html NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association). (2003). Protect Retrieved January 3, 2008 from http//www. ncaa. org/library/ worldwide/general_brochure/2003/2003_gen_info. pdf NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association). (2004). Comparison of proportion of S_As who gamble on college sports versus proportion who say that NCAA Rules discourage sports wagering. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from http//www. ncaa. org/gambling/2003NationalStudy/slideShow/sld028. htm NCAA News release (1999).Report Of the NCAA Division I working(a) Group to Study Basketball Issues. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from http//www. ncaa. org/releases/basketballissues/1999082001bi. htm Oregon Department of Human Services (2005). Gambling and College Students Literature Review. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from http//www. oregon. gov/DHS/addiction/gambling/collegestudents-gambling. pdf Thomas, Katie. (2008). N. C. A. A. exile on Text-Messaging as Recruiting Tool willing Remain. The New York Times. 13th Jan. Retrieved January 3,2008 from http//www. nytimes. com/2008/01/13/sports/13ncaa. html? _r=3&ref=ncaafootball&oref=slogin&oref=slogin&oref=sloginThe National Association of Student Personnel Administration. NAPSA. (2007). Students affairs administrators in higher education. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from http//www. naspa. org/pubs/index. cfm University of Texas (2004). Gambling You bet your life. The councelling and cordial health centre. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from http//www. utexas. edu/student/cmhc/booklets/gambling/gamb. html Yaeger, Thomas, E. Benjamin A. Converse, Doug Ulrich, David Codron, Ryan Restivo (2004). Your turn. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1208/is_46_228/ai_n6362465

Education in the Philippines Essay

grooming in the Philippines is man shape upd and modulate by the Department of pedagogics, commonly referred to as the DepEd in the country. The Department of program line realises the Philippine teaching ar meanderment, including the curriculum used in give lessonss and the allocation of funds. It as well regulates the construction of conditions and some another(prenominal) commandmental facilities and the recruitment of teachers and staff. Before Philippine independence in 1946, the countrys education system was patterned on the system of its colonial powers, Spainand the United demesnes. However, later on Philippine independence, its educational system changed radically. Until 2011, the fundamental education system was composed of six geezerhood of elementary education startle line at the age of 6, and four social classs of high school education starting at the age of 12.Further education was provided by technical or vocational schools, or in higher(prenomina l) education institutions such as universities. Although the 1987 Constitution decl atomic number 18d that elementary education was compulsory, this was never enforced.citation needed In 2011, the country started to handing over from its old 10-year elemental educational system to a K-12 educational system, as mandated by the Department of Education.3 The impudently 12-year system is now compulsory, along with the sufferance of new curriculum for all schools (see 2010s and the K-12 program). The transition period will end with the 2017-2018 school year, which is the graduation date for the first crowd of students who entered the new educational system.All commonplace schools in the Philippines must(prenominal) start classes on the date mandated by the Department of Education (usually the first Monday of June), and must end after each school completes the mandated 200-day school schedule organized by the Department of Education (usually around the third week of frame to the second week of April). Private schools ar not obliged to abide by a specific date, but must open classes no later than the put out week of August.Tertiary schools in the Philippines has varied grading systems. Most universities including institutes and colleges, particularly customary institutions, comprise the var. picture system scale of 5.00 1.00, in which 1.00 is the highest grade and 5.00 is the last(a) possible grade. Some universities may follow the 1.000 4.000 grading system. Patterned after American universities. This system uses the 4.0 grade point comp be as the highest grade, while 1.0 grade point equivalence is considered the lowest possible grade. 0.0 grade point equivalence is considered a impuissance mark. The General W eighted Average is a representation (often numerical) of the overall scholastic rest of students used for evaluation. GWA is based on the grades in all subjects taken at a particular level including subjects taken outside(a) of the cu rriculum. Representation of the subjects taken only in a specific curriculum is called the political program Weighted Average (CWA).12Education in the United States is provided by public schools and cloistered schools. Public education is universally available, with control and funding coming from the state, local, and federal government.4 Publicschool curricula, funding, teaching, employment, and other policies are set with locally elected school boards, who have jurisdiction over individual school districts. State governments set educational standards and mandate regularize tests for public school systems.clarification needed Private schools are generally free to determine their take in curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities. 88% of school-age children do public schools, 9% attend orphic schools, and nearly 3% are homeschooled.5Education is compulsory over an age range starting betwee n five and eight and ending somewhere between ages cardinal and eighteen, depending on the state.6 This requirement can be satisfied in public schools, state-certified esoteric schools, or an approved home school program. In most schools, education is split up into three levels elementary school, middle or junior high school, and high school. Children are usually divided by age groups into grades, ranging from kindergarten and first grade for the youngest children, up to 12th grade as the final year of high school. There are also a large number and unsubtle variety of publicly and privately administered institutions of higher education throughout the country.

'Level Operations\r'

'Level Operations, minute company located in Pennsylvania, manufacturers a variety of security devices and safes. Several contrasting role models of safes (S7-S8-S9-S1-S2) be available for purchase and collectible to increased demand the intersection forwardness has been enlarged to accommodate the additional outturn needs. Production manager Stephanie Cole mustiness determine the best production measuring rod per rack for each day of the week. She understands that part completed safes are not permitted (each roulette wheel must turn out undefiled rolls/seconds). Stephanie consulted the engineering department; they have find the best production sequence is S7-S8-S9-S1-S2.Stephanie must comprehend the large picture of production demand in order to attend the product availability to meet the needed demand. The ultimate goal should be a balanced operation system. One that makes the lick time as short as possible, eradicate disruptions and eliminate waste (excess inv entory)(Stevenson,2012). Stephanie was condition weekly quantity demands; she must early break those numbers down to day-by-day production demands, determine the number of cycles to draw daily, and how many of each safe model to produce in any tending(p) cycles as shown in Figure 1. The cycle time should be set to adequate the takt time.Takt time is defined as â€Å"the cycle time needed to match customer demand for final products” (Stevenson, 2012). By tho running three cycles per day, the company is producing few inventories. Additionally, the company is practicing lean production techniques by not allowing work-in-process inventory (reducing carry be and space requirements) and lot sizes are atrophied; yielding the similar benefits but overly exhibiting better quality control and marginal inspection time if errors do arise. Stephanie has unflinching the best production quantity per cycle for each day of the week (Figure 2).Figure 3 forecasts the quantity deman ded versus the quantity supplied over the fivesome week time frame. Model S8 and S9 are showing excessive inventories. However, by apply a lean flexible production system Stephanie has the ability to hang the units do during each cycle. By waiting to decrease the units per cycle till the later weeks in the production timeline; Stephanie is eliminating waste, and reducing the possibility of bottlenecks effectuate in the starting days of production. solely other models are meeting their come out numbers creating zero excessive inventories.\r\n'

'OFDM Simulation In Matlab Computer Science Essay\r'

'Abstract-This undertaking involves the simulation and survey of a unbiased Orthogonal Frequency year Multiplexing ( OFDM ) transcription as an application of digital Signal Processing. The country of focal assign is the star sign processing squeeze of the frame which usages Fast Fourier Transform ( FFT ) engines to accomplish orthogonality of pass ons and thereby better the transmitting l close use. The organization is put on utilizing MATLAB and it involves transmission ashes of a digitized sullen tear by dint of an linear white Gaussian encumbrance ( AWGN ) line of reasoning utilizing OFDM technique and so retrieving the charge at the receiving scheme. By correlating the authorized and the vul trampized file the effectivity of this technique is tested. The altogether placement realisation consists of multiple stairss †stem processing, channel, receiving system processing, analysis.\r\nKeywords-OFDM ; AWGN ; FFT ; IFFT ; BPSK ; Orthogonality ; Crossc orrelationI. IntroductionOrthogonal oftenness family multiplexing ( OFDM ) is a frequence division multiplexing outline in which the frequence separation among undermenti mavend beargonr take is minimise by the usage of the construct of perpendicularity. It is genius of the multiple entree techniques widely apply in radio and powerline communications. OFDM tramp tot big hit-or-missnesss come ins with sufficient validity against transmittal channel damages. The OFDM strategy allows several(prenominal) extraneous, nar course band sub-channels or subcarriers to crossway in frequence sphere and to be transmitted in correspond thereby spliting the available transmittal bandwidth expeditiously. The input selective cultures is carve up into several parallel knowledges flows or channels, adept for all(prenominal) subcarrier. apiece sub-carrier is g everyplacend with a schematic digital transformation strategy ( much(prenominal) as M-ary power fleck fault ide ntifying or Quadrature amplitude transmutation ) at a low sign rate so as to keep the accurate tuition rate similar to conventional single-carrier transition strategies utilizing the same bandwidth. The perpendicularity is achieved utilizing the unfluctuating Fourier transform ( FFT ) algorithm on the receiving system post, and reverse FFT on the vector side as it allows for efficient modulator and detector execution.\r\nA general OFDM system diagram is shown in Fig. 1. At the vector, the spiel cultivation sign of the zodiacing ten [ n ] is foremost transform to frequence sphere through IFFT. indeed the sharpening is transmitted to the finish in the radio channel. At the receiving system, FFT is foremost utilise to the standard signal, so the transmitted information image is estimated with some decrypting algorithm.\r\nThe processing at severally block with the assistance of MATLAB is depict briefly as follows:A.Source ProcessingAt the beginning, the penetrate f ile is first read utilizing MATLAB as a transmitter music and reborn into a double star program information watercourse. Binary stage displacement keying ( BPSK ) is use as the transition strategy. In BPSK, each binary informations 1 is mapped to an information symbolization of 1, while 0 is mapped to a?’1. With BPSK transition, we can obtain the information vector. Then a 512-point IFFT is performed on that vector to diddle forth the vector Texas for transmittal. Zero-padding is used if the information is non a multiple of 512.B. ChannelThe channel is simple AWGN, which means that there is no channel attenuation and the hindrance is Gaussian distributed with zero mean and discrepancy I?2. For a random noise, the standard signal is transmitted signal ( Texas ) +noise.C. Receiver ProcessingAt the receiving system, FFT is performed on the authentic informations obtain the whirring informations for decrypting. simplistic bit-wise maximal likeliness ( ML ) decoding is ado pted. whence, for each received rip-roaring information spot, if the value is larger than 0, it is decoded as 1, differentwise, 0.D. strategy AnalysisThe received informations will the compargond with the transmitted informations utilizing crosscorrelation to tumble the difference. The execution will be recurrent for different values of noise discrepancies.\r\nIn the subdivisions that follow we discuss in a bit-by-bit manner how we can implement such a system by sing all the indispensable resources. In subdivision II, the development of the full system is described along with relevant conjectural affirmground. Section III shows how the system can be simulated utilizing MATLAB tools. Section IV contains the solutions of simulation and analysis of the system. Section V concludes the paper by supplying an glom of the work done.II. system theoretical accountThe system is simulated utilizing MATLAB. The flow diagram\r\nof the system operations is shown in Fig. 2.\r\nFig. 2 OFD M system theoretical account [ 8 ]A. TransmitterThe sender subdivision includes reading the sound file, miscellanea everywhereing it into a binary watercourse, usage BPSK to modulate this watercourse and so execute N-point IFFT on the modulated informations to modification over the information watercourse into N extraneous OFDM channels. In BPSK, each binary informations 1 is mapped to an information symbol of 1, while 0 is mapped to a?’1. Thus we get a sequentially watercourse of BPSK modulated informations. The watercourse is divide into N analogue informations which forms the footing of an OFDM symbol.1. FFT-IFFT Algoritms and OrthogonalityAn OFDM system comprehends the input BPSK modulated symbols at the sender as though they are in the frequency-domain. These symbols are reborn into parallel and are used as the inputs to an IFFT block that converts the signal into the clip sphere. The IFFT takes in N symbols at a clip where N is the physical body of subcarriers /channels in the system. By rendering of Inverse decided Fourier Transform ( DFT ) :\r\nx_n = frac { 1 } { N } sum_ { k=0 } ^ { N-1 } X_k e^ { frac { 2pi I } { N } K n } quad quad n = 0, dots, N-1.\r\nThe signals eiˆ?i?°ikn/N are extraneous over ( 0, N ) where Xk is the input symbol. DFT is the Fourier Transform of hard-hitting clip signal taken at limpid blink of an eyes 2i?°k/N. FFT/IFFT is a computationally efficient variate of DFT/IDFT. For case, for N point DFT the computational complexity is N2 whereas for radix-2 FFT the 1 clip calculation is scurvy down into log2N grades and each course lack N calculations hence the complexness is cut down to Nlog2N degrees. Therefore cut downing the calculation clip in instance of FFT. Therefore from above definition the base maps IFFT are N extraneous sine curves, in other words IFFT is expressed as the weighted amount of extraneous sinusoids. These sinusoids have a different frequence extraneous to each other in fre quence sphere. Each input symbol Acts of the Apostless like a complex/real weight for the correspondent sinusoidal term. Input symbols will be complex if M-ary PSK is used where M & gt ; 2. In such instance the value of the symbol determines both the amplitude and stage of the sinusoid for that subcarrier. However, since BPSK is used the weights are extant. The IFFT end harvest-feast is the summing up of the N weighted sinusoids. Therefore, IFFT provides a simple manner to modulate informations onto N extraneous closely separated subcarriers. The block of N end result samples from the IFFT influence up a individual OFDM symbol. hypertext impartation communications protocol: //www.wirelesscommunication.nl/reference/chaptr05/ofdm/images/fig4.gif\r\n( a ) ( B )\r\nFig 3: OFDM spectrum ( a ) single(a) channel ( B ) 5 subcarriers [ 6 ]\r\nThe signals e2i?°kn/N are extraneous over ( 0, N ) as\r\nsum_ { n=0 } ^ { N-1 } left ( e^ { frac { 2pi I } { N } kn } ight ) left ( e^ { -frac { 2pi I } { N } kn } ight ) =N~delta_ { kk ‘ }\r\nThis perpendicularity due to FFT among succeeding(a) channels implies closely spaced bearers. They can be spaced in such a manner such that the zero point ( zero amplitude response ) of one channel will happen at the extremum of the next bearer as shown in Fig. 3. Therefore merely half of the available transmittal bandwidth will be utilised comparison to standard FDM, bettering the channel use by 50 per centum. The distinct time-domain signal that sequels from the IFFT is transmitted across the channel. demonstrable transmittals involve transition of IFFT bins into baseband parallel bearers forward transmittal over the channel. But for simple mindedness of analysis we transmit the digital baseband signal itself as N subcarriers in a multipath free environment. Orthogonality of the subcarriers due to IFFT allows the frequence spacing between each next subcarrier to be minimal.B. ChannelThe channel is assumed to be simple AWGN, which means that there is no channel attenuation and the noise is Gaussian distributed with zero mean and discrepancy I? . The familial consecutive watercourse of IFFT bins is added to the random AWGN noise generated utilizing MATLAB to enforce the effects of channel.C. ReceiverAt the receiving system, an N point FFT block is used to treat the standard signal and convey it back into the frequence sphere. By definition of Discrete Fourier Transform ( DFT ) :\r\nDue to grounds mentioned antecedently FFT is the used in topographic point of DFT. The N point FFT end return will be the original symbols that were send to the IFFT block at the sender. The end convergence of the FFT block is capable to maximum likeliness sensing to pull out the binary information from the noise infested symbols. After retrieval of binary informations, it is converted to its parallel tantamount(predicate) thereby retracing the original sound file.III. matlab simulationA. Transmitter1.Input audio frequency file processingThe samples of the sound file that has to be transmitted is read into a vector Y utilizing the wavread bid. The wavread bid besides outputs twain statements viz. the sampling frequence and sight per sample which are stored in variables degree Fahrenheits and spots severally. The scope and amplitude of the samples obtained are really picayune and hence they are increased by factor of 2 ( bits-1 ) and shifted by 2 ( bits-1 ) to acquire substantiating samples and thereby execute quantisation and castrate over it into 16-bit binary informations utilizing the dec2bin bid.\r\n2. BPSK transition\r\nThe binary informations stored in a array is BPSK modulated utilizing the simple algorithm of mapping each binary informations 1 to an information symbol of 1, and 0 to a?’1 utilizing a for cringle. Figure 3 shows the configuration for BPSK ( 1bit/symbol ) .\r\nFigure 4: BPSK configuration3. IFFTThe BPSK modulated informations which is stored in a mart ix is converted into a row vector utilizing reshape bid in order to execute 512 point IFFT which is in signification change overing the consecutive watercourse into 512 point parallel watercourse. IFFT is performed utilizing the bid ifft. The consequence of IFFT of the modulated information is an 512 point OFDM symbol. Since IFFT in MATLAB is calculated utilizing the definition of IDFT we need to work out the IFFT vector by sqrt ( N ) to install the mean power degree in order to keep sufficient signal to ring power ratio in the channel. After IFFT the parallel information is converted to consecutive and stored in vector txdataN.B. ChannelChannel is simulated by adding noise by bring forthing random white noise ( Gaussian distributed with average 0 and discrepancy as we specify ) utilizing the bid randn. The white noise generated utilizing randn is added it to txdataN. Thus, ch=txdataN+noise where noise= I?*randn ( 1, duration ( txdataN ) ) .C. Receiver1.FFTThe standard OFDM sign al vector ch is coverted into parallel and 512 point FFT is performed utilizing the bid fft to be ripened _or_ healed the loud BPSK modulated informations. The scatterplot of the noise infested received informations is shown in Fig. 5\r\nFig. 5: Received course with noise2.Maximum Likelihood ( ML ) DetectionIf the end product of FFT is detectd to be complex, merely the existent portion is taken to observe the information symbols. Simple bit-wise maximal likeliness ( ML ) decryption is used to retrieve the original binary informations. Thus, for each received noisy information spot, if the value is larger than 0, it is decoded as 1, otherwise, 0.3. Reconstruction of audio file from recover informationsThe cured digital information is converted into tantamount parallel samples utilizing bin2dec bid where each sample corresponds to 16 spots. The samples are so stored as a wav file recovered_music at a sampling frequence degree Fahrenheit utilizing the bid wavwrite.4. CorrelationT he cured sound file is played utilizing bid soundsc to observe the difference with the original file. The correlational statistics coefficient of the received sound vector and the original sound vector is calculated utilizing the bid corrcoef and stored in a matrix corr. As we change the discrepancy of the noise vector, which implies a transition in the channel SNR, the covariance between the original and the recovered information lessenings and as a consequence we get a noisy sound at the end product.IV. trunk analysis and Simulation ResultsA. Frequency Analysis1.Frequency reply of input informations watercourse ( BPSK Modulated ) .2.OFDM channel frequence responseB. Input Sequence and coordinated OFDM symbolC. Correlation between input and end product informations1.Input sound samples. Fs=8kHz2.Recovered sound samples w/ correlativity coefficient=0.9042Discrepancy of AWGN=0.23.Recovered sound samples w/ correlativity coefficient=1Discrepancy of AWGN=0.013.Recovered sound samp les w/ correlativity coefficient=0.1758Discrepancy of AWGN=1V. ConclusionOrthogonality in OFDM introduced due to the usage of DSP engines FFT and IFFT have turn up to be really effectual in the improving channel spectral use by leting the convergence of next channels to about half of the channels bandwidth. anyways transition and demodulation complexness is reduced due to the usage FFT techniques. As a consequence it is executable to utilize ML decrypting to retrieve binary informations.\r\nIn this undertaking, a simple MATLAB theoretical account of OFDM was simulated to test OFDM utilizing FFT. The power of FFT-IFFT to present orthogoniality in subcarriers was demonstrated. The consequence of AWGN channel utilizing different noise discrepancies was illustrated. The consequences showed that little noise discrepancies, that is, high signal to resound rations had negligible consequence of original informations. which was unmistakable from the computation of correlativity coefficie nt of original and cured informations.VI. MentionsE. Lawrey, â€Å" The suitableness of OFDM as a transition technique for wireless telecommunications, with a CDMA comparing, ” B. Eng. thesis, jam Cook University, Oct. 1997.\r\nAnibal Luis Intini, â€Å" OFDM for Wireless Netwoks ” , University of California, Santa Barbara, CA. Rep.Dec.2000.\r\nG. Acosta, ” OFDM simulation utilizing MATLAB ” , gallium Institute of Technology, GA. Rep.Aug. 2000.\r\nAlan C. Brrooks and Stephan J. Hoelzer, â€Å" Design and Implementation of OFDM Signalling ” , Rep.May.2001.\r\n deception G.Proakis, Digital Signal Processing, 3rd erect dysfunction.\r\nMathematical description of OFDM. [ Online ] .Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wirelesscommunication.nl [ Revieved: 12/01/2010 ] ( Fig. 3 )\r\nMatlab Tutorial. [ Online ] . Available: www.mathworks.com/ academia/\r\nEEL5525 Class Notes ( Fig. 1, 2 )\r\n'

'Islam and Islamic Fundamentalism Essay\r'

'the lingering fear of terrorist attacks and threats to US native land security. Indeed, the prejudice against Muslims and Islam adherents has become more distri preciselyive in a post-9/11 America, where the racial stereotyping of Muslims as terrorists or suicide bombers frustrate not only those who are flip in such a disconfirming light but also those whose paranoia renders them unresponsive and unable to fully grasp the root of the conflicts based on credence. In his depth psychology of the roots of Moslem fundamentalism, Hashemi (2004) asserts that there is zip fastener particularly Islamic about Islamic fundamentalism.\r\nInstead, Islamic or any opposite form of ghostlike fundamentalism for that matter should be examined not from the context of the religious political theory per se but from the sociable, political, and economic factors that create and continue to excise the history and flow rate eventidents in Muslim societies. Indeed, Hashemi points to the ongoi ng brotherly transformation and transition of Islamic societies from the traditionalistic to modern that have been characterized by festering restlessness among the lower ranks of society specially with the connivance between the elite and alien interests.\r\nTo be able to understand how and why Islamic fundamentalism thrives and flourishes in a field that is supposedly dominantly democratic therefore requires an tryout not only of the inherent characteristics of Islam as a religion and the entire heathenish and economic spheres of Muslim life but also the influence of orthogonal policies of fibrous nations on the development of these countries.\r\nIt also entails an query of the role of gender and class in the creation of socially acceptable standards for religious adherence and how attitudes and preconceived notions of religiosity affect the individual and collective decision to secure in hostile and baseless religious activities. Thus, while religious fundamentalism may superficially appear to be the product of Islam’s teaching, Hashemi argues that it is the general tendency of extremists to take things literally; referring to the latter’s justification of violent actions as the â€Å"holy war” or jihad.\r\nLikewise, the rapid urbanization and modernization of these societies owe to the intervention of super-industrialized economies and the subsequent imposition of foreign development paradigms on their own close and way of life promotes the feeling of world threatened by the West’s tendency to homogenize cultures, ideologies, and economies, which give ride to the perceived need to defend Islam and the Muslim world in general.\r\nIt could be, as Hashemi posits, that umpteen individuals in the Muslim countries are attracted to the highly messianic premise of fundamentalist beliefs particularly at a time when most of these countries are under attack from neo-liberal interests and the genuine world is keen on its prosecution of strategic business interests in these regions.\r\nIn the end, the motivations and driving force of Islamic Fundamentalism, as Hashemi says, may be likened to the very very(prenominal) social forces that have sparked the conflicts, upheavals, and revolutions at the eve of the birth of every new social order. Only this time, these forces happen to be bonded by their common allegiance to the Islamic faith and their pursuit for self-determination.\r\n'

'Barista vs Caffe Coffe Day Essay\r'

'MILAN †The following bind is a summary extract from the dissertation attends of the MBA and BBA students of celestial horizon College. Skyline, fit(p) in Delhi and Gurgaon (NCR) is a premier institute providing instruction education specialising in MBA and BBA degrees and specialist courses for travel and touristry as well as mass communication.\r\nFor get along randomness on the article content or on the institute please clickhttp://www.skylinecollege.com/ to visit the ex officio college website. This dissertation was completed by Saroj Shahbaz Naiyar (2007 †2009) on the root word Barista Vs Café burnt umber bean twenty-four hour period a Comparative Study.\r\n heavyset The objective of the thesis is â€Å"To comp atomic number 18 and study Barista &type A; Café deep brown day, identify res publicas of excellence and aras compulsioning value; and give up suggestions for such mitigatement”. The aim of this Thesis is to successfully compare two prominent service firmament companies on a common platform, analyze t inheritor on the job(p) and performance, and highlight what they are doing well, while providing suggestions and testimonials for improvement. Barista and Café burnt umber daylight were chosen because of their identical pattern of functioning and growth. They are the only two major players in the field umber café industry, and their customers consider both as similar posts. This is why it is most-valuable to study how these vanes differentiate themselves from apiece other, and attempt to improve brand loyalty amongst their customers.\r\nFor the conclude of this study, I prepared a questionnaire, to find pop the applicable primary selective information pertaining to the functioning and constituteing(a) of both Barista and Café hot chocolate mean solar day.\r\nThe data was collected gear up on information provided by:\r\n1. The management of the organization.\r\n2. Customers visit B arista and Café Coffee twenty-four hours verbotenlets.\r\nBesides the primary data collected with the support of the questionnaire, I buzz off alike collected the relevant secondary data from diverse sources like magazines, books and Internet and naked as a jaybirdspapers. Based on the relevant primary and secondary data, a comparative analysis has been through with(p) so as to find out the areas of excellence and areas of improvement of both organizations.\r\nThe areas of excellence and improvement direct been identified ground on real information, in light of which recommendations and suggestions have been provided for the over any improvement of the organizations in the future.\r\nThis Thesis is conducted in Gurgaon, India; so the information is relative to this city.\r\nThe main objectives could be:\r\n1. To infrastand merchandise performance of Barista & adenine; Café Coffee daylight.\r\n2. To do a SWOT analysis.\r\n3. To understand consumer lore.\r\n4. T o analyze at that place luff consumer& group A; tradeing mix(7P’s).\r\nConclusion: Areas of Excellence\r\n two cafés have certain areas where they have been systematically performing well. These are essentially the strengths of the brand, and Barista & Café Coffee daylight need to capitalize on these strengths to add their market share and brand loyalty. The main areas of excellence, found on the faux pas Studies & Market Survey, have been identified as follows:\r\nBarista\r\n1. Strong Brand persona:\r\nBarista has a rugged and clear brand image. Their customers rear end easily identify and relate to the Barista brand. This helps increase and remark brand loyalty. 2. Excellent Human Resource:\r\n fit to the survey, Barista authorized an excellent place for the service and doings of their staff. This is a huge advantage, especially in a service organization. Barista must strive to keep this advantage. 3. standard pressure & Décor:\r\nAnoth er signifi backsidet area of excellence is the kind of ambience and décor Barista cafés have. Respondents to the survey, including whose who chose Café Coffee mean solar day as their choice of café gave Barista a near absolute order for their ambience & Décor. 4. Strong base for elaborateness & growth: Barista have operationed hard on heir brand image and tender-hearted resources, and have a strong base for future expansion and growth- whether acresally or internationally.\r\nCafé Coffee mean solar day\r\n1. Highly rated relish & Quality of products:\r\nCafé Coffee twenty-four hour period got a high rating in the market survey, for the bask & Quality of their products. If they work on this aspect, at that place is huge probable for them to attract customers, serious based on the taste and quality of products. This is also helped by the fact that they grow their own burnt umber tree beans, and this provides an important base for f uture expansion and growth. Café Coffee Day even won the â€Å"Barista Coffee- Making Championship” for the vanquish Coffee.\r\n2. Value for money proposition:\r\nCafé Coffee Day is projected as an â€Å"low-cost” brand. This strategy has worked passing well so far, and Café Coffee Day got a high rating, both for their prices and for their value for money, in the market survey.\r\n3. Strong youth orientation:\r\nThe Café Coffee Day brand is, and always has been, passing youth- oriented. In a country where over 40% of the population is under the age of 20, there is huge potential for Café Coffee Day to become one of the country’s largest youth brands. The untapped market share and potential for growth is enormous.\r\nAreas Needing Improvement\r\nBoth Barista and Café Coffee Day have under performed or not lived up to potential in certain areas. The areas are weaknesses, which need to be improved upon, as that both can eliminate any disadvant age that may have, and improve customer satisfaction. The mail areas needing improvement, based on the Case Studies & Market Survey, have been identified as follows:\r\nBarista\r\n1. Average taste & quality of products:\r\n match to the market survey, other than their Dessert, Barista got only an average rating for the taste & quality of their products. Considering their strong brand image of being the coffee- lover’s handed-down café, they have not performed up to expectations in this area. 2. comprehend as an pricey brand:\r\nCustomer perceptions of Barista’s prices and value for money are quite negative. still though the prices of Barista and Café Coffee Day are or so identical, Barista is still perceived as the more expensive brand. 3. Inconvenient deliin truth touch on:\r\nOn a smaller note, Barista’s self- service delivery dish received almost unanimous complaints from respondents of the market survey. They found it inconvenient t o go back to the counter just to receive their order.\r\nCafé Coffee Day\r\n1. Weak brand image:\r\nThe Café Coffee Day brand, although clearly a youth- oriented brand, lacks the power and strength expected to carry brand loyalty. The brand doesn’t project a clear image to customers about what Café Coffee Day is all about. This could prove as a preventive during future national and international expansion. 2. Inefficient human resources:\r\nAccording to the market survey, Café Coffee Day’s staff received only an average rating for their behavior and service. Café Coffee Day inevitably to work hard at this aspect, especially considering they are a service sector organization that is looking at large expansion. 3. Ambience & Décor:\r\nThe Ambience & Décor of Café Coffee Day outlets received a below- average rating from respondents of the market survey. A lot of respondents did not like the fact that Café Coffee Day outlets and litera ture served as prime musculus quadriceps femoris for a lot of advertising and promotions. They felt as if the café’s had been hijacked just for advertising.\r\nRecommendation & Suggestions\r\nBarista\r\n• Barista has an extremely strong brand image, but they need to work hard on improving their customer perception of being and expensive brand. Barista and Café Coffee Day have almost identical pricing, but Barista is still perceived as the more expensive brand. • That’s why my first recommendation for Barista is, to carry out a promotion campaign to ensure that their target market is well aware of their current low prices. This would help change customer perception and turn Barista into an affordable brand. • Another backlash of having such a strong traditional café brand image is that customers have very high expectations of the taste & quality of products. Barista take to work hard at this aspect, especially for coffee and eatables products.\r\n• My second recommendation is for Barista to look at its coffee beans suppliers and coffee brewing process to ensure that it is the best it can be. • This is especially important considering the international expansion Barista is undertaking. Barista should also look at the Taj, their national suppliers for eatables and desserts, and each improve the taste & quality of eatable, or look at another supplier- because as of now, they are not living up to expectations, and losing customers to Café Coffee Day. • On a smaller note: the Barista delivery process should change, so that a café attendant delivers the coffee to the table. This may seem insignificant, but it can go a long way in improving customer satisfaction.\r\nCafé Coffee Day\r\n• Café Coffee Day has done extremely well so far to project itself as an affordable youth- oriented brand. But there are still certain areas where their brand needs to be much stronger. • Wi th regard to the physical reason associated with the brand, Café Coffee Day needs to do a lot of work if they hope to catch up with Barista. My first recommendation for Café Coffee Day is to sightly up the décor at every(prenominal) outlet, wheresoever unnecessary advertising is taking place. • Although it might be an important source of revenue, long-term customer perception of the brand isn’t very positive.\r\n• Café Coffee Day would do better to provide promotional stead for its partners with the use of clever collaborations, and not printed advertisements and posters everywhere. • My second recommendation is that Café Coffee Day looks at its current recruitment, weft and most importantly, its current training policies. • Customers are not happy with the behavior and service of the staff, and Café Coffee Day is lagging far behind Barista is this aspect.\r\n*The above article was extracted from dissertations in Marketing, Finan ce, Human Resources, Strategy, Information Systems by the students from Skyline College. Skyline College is amongst the top MBA and BBA institutes in Delhi, Gurgaon (NCR).\r\nIntroduction to ccd\r\nThe first base Café Coffee Day logotype a shimmery red cube with a green box above ‘e’ in ‘Café Coffee Day’. The word ‘Café’ was made to appear dominant to signalize Café Coffee Day’s introduction of ‘Café stopping point’ in India. The font used for ‘Café’ is called SLURRY †the font looks as though the letters have congealed or coagulated out of liquid. The current logo includes a dialogue box which highlights the connection between ‘coffee’ and ‘conversations.’ This logo also reflects their current tag line, â€Å"A lot can happen over coffee.”\r\nThe logo of CCD has been changed recently, this has been done in line with the increased rivalry and also for the proper conveying of the message that Café Coffee Day desires to tell to its customer. The famous Café Coffee Day squared logo has got a fresh new avatar †a ‘Dialogue Box’ †with the oral communication Café Coffee Day written in a distinct, specially created font. The new trendy ‘dialogue’ logo symbolizes the essence of what a Café Coffee Day café is all really all about †a perfect place to ‘relax and dialogue.’ And as we all know, a lot does happen over coffee!\r\n perpendicular integration\r\nThe company is known for being vertically integrated to cut costs: from owning the plantations,[2] growing the coffee,[2] qualification the coffee machines[3] to making the furniture for the outlets.[2]\r\nThe machines cost them [pic]1.2 hundred thousand each, which they say is half the cost of an imported coffee machine.[3] The maintenance cost of CCD’s machines is also less(prenominal) than foreign machines.[3] \r\nOutlets\r\nThe first CCD outlet was set up on July 11, 1996, at Brigade Road, Bangalore, Karnataka.[4] Following this, CCD track over 1000 cafés throughout the nation by 2011. They currently have (as of August 2012) 1319 outlets spreadhead across 28 states of India.[5] The number increases almost every week. A ‘meter’ on their official website (Cafecoffeeday.com) keeps unvarying track of the number.\r\n'

'Illegal Aliens Burden Healthcare and Border Security Essay\r'

'An change magnitude number of heap from all over the earth atomic number 18 migrating into the States for one reason or another. This has raised alarm to the the Statesn political science as it is a great blame to the health make do carcass and a threat to the national security. Migrations that ar sound can be beneficial to the American government while on the other hand migrations that are irregular seem to create disorders in the nightclub (Edwards younger ).\r\nAliens are not referred as felonious because of color, race, ethnicity or change surface nationality, but it is immigration into a country without the qualifications to migrate in the right way. every(prenominal) country has outlined guidelines that an undivided or pigeonholing must go through before migrating into the country. prohibited immigration has been a business in America with illegitimate transfers increasingly becoming associated with the burdening of the health kick system and the security of the American borders (Edwards Jr. ). The American health care system ensures that health care services offered citizens are subsidized.\r\nThe American government has been assay its best to reduce the population that is not check person but the ineligible aliens that storm into the borders every at a judgment of conviction and again cede been increasing the numbers severally time. In the year 1998, a total of 37% aliens who had been staying in the America did not have health indemnity (Edwards Jr. ). This is not fair real as more aliens get free treatments with the value of the Americans. A reduction in insurance coverage has made well-nigh of these aliens poor as compared to the indwellings.\r\nAdditionally, in the procreation system, the illegal aliens have not been competent to take their children to schools. This creates more problems as lack of education results to increased criminals hence threatening border and familiar security. The illegal aliens have be en a great problem to deal with as they have unfeignedly embody the health system of the Americans. It is travel by that hospitals and other checkup facilities cannot run well without financial aid. This financing is judge to come from the citizens who compensation taxes and have got insurance on their health.\r\nOn the other hand, one cannot see a dying patient and start asking if he or she is an alien or a native individual. A doctor would rather choose to appoint medication to that patient than ask whether he is an alien or an American citizen. This has led to exhaustion of the medical checkup facilities in the American hospitals and led to even blocking of some(prenominal) hospitals. For instance in California, 84 hospitals have been closed (Edwards Jr. ). It is a fact that the illegal aliens in the United States have really been a great burden to the government.\r\n obscure from Illegal aliens burdening the insurance systems in America, the illegal aliens have caused border insecurity. It is clear that at one point or another, individual can commit a mistake or even a discourtesy. Once that has been do, an individual is expect to pay damages for that crime committed (Edwards Jr. ). Aliens that are illegal are not insured and thus they are not eligible to pay for the damages they cause. What makes it worse, roughly of the rude hatful in the society are the illegal aliens who have no clue how an offence can be punished.\r\nThey go ahead and do such crimes and they walk away. This has been a burden to the insurance system of the United States of America. In terms of security, illegal aliens have really burthen the American government. To begin with, to deter more aliens from miscegenation the borders to gain access of the resources of the Americans, there has been a carry to increase the patrol at the borders of America; this is a practice that is very costly as it includes recruiting many police security officials to watch over the people m igrating into the American body politic illicitly.\r\nThis was enhanced upon realization that some people cross the borders to gain access into the American soil. This has been a burden to the border patrol as they have to watch every time even during the night on any one pass the border (Edwards Jr. ). Further button up, in the prison houses systems of the Americans, close to of the inmates are aliens. This sends a clear mansion that most of the crimes committed in USA are done by the illegal aliens that stay inside the borders of America.\r\nApart from the burden the illegal aliens give to the American prison systems, they have also sent a signal of the national security threat. It is stipulated that 29% of the prisoners in the raise and federal prisons are aliens (Edwards Jr. ). This implies that most of the criminals that are arrested are aliens. This is a threat to the security as they try all ways to combat crime in the USA; illegal aliens keep committing those crimes. thereof one can conclude that illegal aliens are really costing the Americans.\r\nLaw obligement systems in America waste billions of dollars each year in the enforcing the police that is often broken by the illegal aliens. To enforce law involves the activities of the judges, lawyers and the prosecutors. These personalities demand a lot of gold in one single sitting to final payment a sentence to a criminal. Most of the people who need these procedures are the aliens since they do not take in the American constitution well and they end up finding themselves in the hands of criminals all the time (Edwards Jr. ).\r\nThis has posed a lot of burden to the American government as it tries to control the train of crime rates in America. Generally, the illegal aliens in the American soil have led to prejudicial impacts in the United States and even in politics, the illegal aliens have taken part in the frauds of the vote exercises either at a fee by the American politicians or ev en personal willingness. It is also clear that most of the terrorist attacks in the American soil are done by the aliens that are illegally in the country (Edwards Jr. ).\r\nFurther still, most companies have often believed that the aliens offer cheap assiduity and have gone further in exchange the aliens with the American employees in their companies. This in the end has unseemly effects on the American citizens. In conclusion, illegal aliens in the United States and the illegal migrants have really brought a lot of burden, not only to the American government, but also to the entire population of America. scorn the measure being put in redact to deter more aliens from flocking into the country, there have still been a number of aliens who come into the American boundaries illegally.\r\n'

'Every Father’s Dream Essay\r'

'Parents play an in-chief(postnominal) role in the fulfillment of their children’s dreams. Often, so mavenr a child bear even jump off to dream, parents have already made a psychical picture of what they want their children to be in the future. In Barack Obama’s (2004) â€Å"Dreams from My Father,” we see the important role a capture plays in the success of the incumbent electric chair. On the contrary, in Arthur Miller’s (1949) â€Å" last of Salesman,” the cause illustrates how a military chaplain’s dream and fount can sometimes destroy a male child’s future.\r\nLook more than: application model essay\r\nIn this paper, we compare and contrast the dreams of the fathers in the deuce works in secern to evoke a lesson every parent and child should know. produce in 2004, â€Å"Dreams from My Father” narrates the life sentence of the 44th president of the United States. The novel is told by the president himself, w ho was and so elected for the senate. In his explanation, Obama describes how his father’s inhalation and subjects distribute welled shape and made him realize his bear dreams. The story narrates the young Barack Obama Sr. as a apt and intelligent yet mischievous student during his beforehand(predicate) years.\r\nUnable to finish college in his homeland, he lands a clerical job until two female missionaries helper him find scholarship to a university in Hawaii. His perseverance to finish his studies later provides inspiration to his son, Barry. In his garner to his son, the father says, â€Å"Like water finding its level, you pull up stakes arrive at a career that suits you” (45). This expresses the father’s wish for his son to find his birth destiny, his own define in society. Finding one’s place in society is realizable through education. Although Barack Sr.\r\ndoes non emphasize to Barry the importance of education, the boy realizes th is through his parents’ examples. Specifically, the father’s own perseverance to gain further studies serves as example for the son to follow. Likewise, his words during their last meeting recall and translate in Barry’s mind as, â€Å"You do not work hard enough, Barry. You must help in your people’s struggle. Wake up, sour man (126)! ” These words serve as Barry’s motivation to persevere in all the struggles and responsibilities he has to face. In the play, â€Å"Death of a Salesman,” the father, Willy Loman has the same dreams for his son, pull.\r\nHe wishes for him to find his place in society, to be the topper he can be. However, since Biff relies too ofttimes on his father’s examples, he becomes thwart when he finds verboten that all the while, his father has not been true to his mother. The scene in the hotel where Biff finds out about Willy’s other woman devastates him, and ruins his life later on. Due to t his, he decides not to go to the totmer school and finish his studies. Considering his actions, Willy can be blamed for Biff’s inability to break his dreams. The boy’s mindset is very oftentimes affected by his father’s actions.\r\nIn contrast to Obama Sr. who serves his country and continues his studies, Willy shares in the confusion of his son. These examples show us the important role of the father in giving advice to their sons, and in setting a ingenuous example. Despite the fact that Obama leaves his son to his wife, the good memory he leaves the boy serves as a good foundation for the child. Moreover, as the older Obama expresses in one of his letters to his son, for one to realize his place in society, one has to know one’s people, where he belongs (66).\r\nTo do this, Barry searches for his roots and listens to what his grandmother’s story. From this, he finds out the struggles of his grandfather and his father, and finds strength in their sacrifices and dreams. The dreams of his father to be fully educated and to serve his country are enough to inspire Barry to convey on and be the best he can be. In contrast, the theme of knowing oneself in order to realize one’s dreams is expressed otherwise in â€Å"Death of a Salesman. ” In the play, Willy’s high expectations of Biff disappoint the son more. Biff insists to his father,\r\nâ€Å"Pop, I’m nothing! I’m nothing, Pop. Can’t you understand that? There’s no spite in it any more (99)” Despite this, Willy still believes in Biff. He believes that if devoted a chance and a big sum to start on his own, his son can be successful. This is the reason why Willy sacrifices his life at the end, so that his sons can have what it takes to start on their own. The legacies of the two fathers are totally different. Obama leaves to his son an identity and report card he can live with, while Loman bequeathes a good sum, w hich he is unable to provide his sons during his lifetime.\r\n either way, the examples of the two fathers imply a general uprightness about fathers, that every one of them desires the best for their children. References Miller, Arthur. (1949). Death of a salesman. Retrieved April 29, 2009, from http://www. franklang. ru/download/Miller_Death_of_a_Salesman__pdf. pdf Obama, Barack. (2004). Dreams from my father. Retrieved April 29, 2009, from http://cephas17507. multiply. com/journal/ accompaniment/20/Dreams_from_My_Father_Barack_Obama_2004_. pdf\r\n'

'Investigate different ways in which reaction times Essay\r'

' about people suffer slower reaction periods than new(prenominal)s. To find this out, I have contumacious to experiment some people in my class. We are flat going to investigate different ways in which reaction eons of people commode be pulsationd. Reaction seasons A reaction time is how broad a some unmatchable takes to react to something. Methods of scrutiny Reaction Times 1: Time how enormous it takes to move from one point to a nonher, after being told to start by a blow of a whistle, clap of hands or simply by saying go. 2: Time how long it takes to jump collide with from the blocks in a race.\r\n3: Time how long it takes a psyche to react when someone instructs them to cubicle up. 4: Time how long it takes for a person to press a button when a ships bell goes off, record how long the buzzer is ringing for. 5: Time how long it rakes for someone to turn off a light when it starts flashing using an electronic device to time how long it takes for the light to be switched off. 6: Drop a swayer and measure the distance it drops before the person witnesses it. The class discussed every last(predicate) of the above method actings and decided that some would not lick and that some wouldn’t be possible payable to lack of resources.\r\nThe class decided to use the like method of meter reaction times so that we could collect enough data. 1: This method would be very weighty to time, as the accuracy of the time would in any case depend upon the reaction time of the person holding the stopwatch. Also the time taken would not only if measure reaction time it would also depend on how fast the person can run. 2: This would be a good method if we had access to Olympic yieldard equipment, which would measure the time electronically from the sound of the gun to rising from the blocks.\r\n3: This method, just like compute 1, would be hard to do. The time again would also depend upon how rapidly the person can move to a standing(a) pos ition. The reaction time is how long it takes to begin to stand and this would not be possible to measure. 4: We cannot record this properly as we do not have any stopwatches to make sure we have an consummate reading. 5: This applies the exact same as number 4, we do not have the possible equipment for this method. 6: This is possible as the distance the prescript drops only depends upon the reaction time of the person trying to enthral the ruler.\r\nAfter considering all the possible methods, my class decided to use the dropping of a ruler and measuring how far it falls. When we conduct this experiment, the arm give be held out at shoulder length and the ruler will be held between the thumb and the baron finger at 0cm. We shall work in pairs, one person will say go and the other person will release and try to catch the ruler with the same hand. The first person will keep a record of the distance the ruler has dropped. We will assume that the longer the distance path greater time.\r\n'

'Self-concept: Meaning of Life and Ideal Self\r'

'â€Å"Self-Concept” written by Barry Joel Desaine (March 2010) Email: [email protected] com SELF-CONCEPT Sensing that he is a distinct and separate existence from another(prenominal)s d angiotensin converting enzyme time and space, a man becomes awargon of his existential ego-importance from infancy. As he matures he in any case becomes aware of his categorical egotism through the recognition that he has characteristics or attributes that distinguishes him from other objects in his environment. These devil aspects †the existential self and the categorical self †constrain the initial ways in which an several(prenominal) begins the self-perception exploit that operates to his self-concept (Lewis and Brooks-Gunn, 1979).\r\nHowever, because the idea of self-concept is utilized in many another(prenominal) disciplines including psychology, philosophy, sociology, nursing, biology and anthropology, in that location is no consensus as to how to confine â€Å"self-concept” exploitation ground of specificity. As minatoryustrative of this, the concept of self-identity is referred by theorists using a diversity of terms frequently(prenominal) as: the authentic self; the cohesive self; the core self; the saturated self; and the feasible selves.\r\nAdditionally, in describing the components of self-concept, the influential humanistic psychologist, Carl Rogers, used globular terms such as: self-image; self-conceit; and the pattern self, while educational psychologist Gary D. Phye and other theorists used more specific terms such as: the sensible component; the social component; the academic or noetic component; etc. Suffice it to say, closely of the research literature suggests that self-concept whitethorn be by and large set apartd as the sum total of what an individual thinks or perceives most himself.\r\nUsing this general comment as a foundation this essay proposes to realise the components of a man’s self-concept in terms of his: psychehood; place in hostel; beau ideal; and purpose. Personhood †Who am I? Who am I? This is the most natural headway which an individual can ask somewhat himself and in endeavoring to determine an root, whether conscientiously or unconscientiously, his self-image is created. A man’s conscientiousness bears witness that he is more than just a chemical base of matter †more than mere carnal existence.\r\nHe is aware that he is made up of twain material and immaterial constituencies and, as a result, his self-image is as well as comprised of factors of both. These factors include physical, deterrent example, social, emotional and intellectual traits. Firstly, a soulfulness’s self-image includes a mental picture of his physical appearance or what is termed carcass image. It is made up of his perception of his body, both internally and externally. He may think of himself as cosmos in addition skinny, having elega nt eyes, a nice face, a nose that is too big or any combination of plaudit or disapproval of a vast mannequin of physical attributes and abilities.\r\nInherent in this is in any case the feelings and attitudes he has about his body. Body image is affected by a number of factors including: normal developmental festering; one’s perception of what others think of his body; and cultural and social attitudes and set. For example: A baby bird’s body image is actually(prenominal) polar from that of an adolescent teen. Similarly, the wife of an abusive husband who speaks ill of her body can develop a wretched body image. Additionally, in some cultures a alter soulfulness is considered to be a healthy person so that a skinny person in that culture may tend to have a poorer body image found on societal values.\r\nSecondly, a person’s self-image also includes his moral traits such as his core values and tactile sensations. He may charm himself as being adep t and upright or he may be confident of his voracity and godliness. On the other hand, he may even think that he is grave and vile or generally of an evil disposition. As with his physical traits his perception of his morality is a procedure of his self-image and is not an inevitably accurate reflection of his personhood. In a equal manner, a person’s self-image includes perceptions of his social, emotional and intellectual traits.\r\nFrom a social location he may see himself as being a good father, loving husband and competent worker. Emotionally, he may think he has a sanguine personality with a measured temperament. Finally, from an intellectual perspective he may think he is very smart, or of average intellect, or may lack confidence in his academic abilities. In summary, a person’s self-image helps him understand his personhood and helps him to define who he is in his own eyes. It is a major(ip) component of his self-concept.\r\nPlace in Society †How do I fit in? How do I fit into society? This is another question that is internalized by an individual, whether conscientiously or not. It leads to the development of his self-assertion. Self-esteem is very important as it affects how we think, act and relate to other quite a little. It may be defined as having a favour fitting perception of oneself and may be qualitatively described according to the degree of favorability. High self-pride is a good opinion of oneself whereas low self-esteem is its antithesis.\r\nIn finding his place in society an individual would generally focus on: his blood with others; his value to them; the role models who go him; and his ability to influence others. These domains all constitute the conditions for his self-esteem development which is a major component of self-image (Rogers, 1979). Although a person’s self-concept starts with understanding his personhood, this existential-anthropological view of the individualistic self may give way to his acceptance that he is an constitutive(a) part of a larger society.\r\nHe learns how to define the self by comparing himself with others around him (Festinger, 1954). in spite of appearance this framework, he recognizes the importance of various associations or relationships including family relations, passage relations, community relations, and other relations. This â€Å"connectiveness” to the society may lead to a more systemic view of the self as the individual considers his role in its holistic development. Inherent in this is his understanding of his value to the society and his ability to influence others towards its development.\r\nThe degree to which he is able to succeed in these ventures highly impacts his level of self-esteem. reproducible put-downs, discounting, threat, loneliness, powerlessness, frustration, and intolerance are the seeds of low self-esteem that leads to a harvest of these negative characteristics. On the other hand, evolution high self- esteem requires: encouragement; acceptance of oneself and others; gustatory perception; an appreciation of liveness; reassurance; and faith in oneself and others; and finally trust in immortal.\r\nAll of these factors are based on interpersonal relationships. Perfection †Who do I want to be? Am I the person I want to be? This is another question that is internalized by an individual in the development of his self-concept. A person’s self-image does not always rival the image of what he would like to be or what is termed his â€Å"ideal self” (Rogers, 1979) nor what he thinks he should be or what is termed his â€Å"ought-to-be self”. This sometimes affects the degree to which he values himself as there is a very close relationship between self-image and self-esteem.\r\nThe ideal self and the ought-to-be self are sometimes collectively referred to as the â€Å"possible selves” (Markus & Nurius, 1986). These are generally not lucid with the actual feel experiences of a person. Psychologists refer to a large difference between self-image and the idea self as â€Å"incongruence” while a relatively teeny difference is called â€Å"congruence. ” All individuals experience a definite degree of incongruence. Carl Rogers believed that the greater the degree of incongruence the more knotty it is for a person to arrive at self-actualization.\r\nAs a result, the individual always strives to shed light on changes in order of magnitude to come as close as possible to his ideal self or ought-to-be self. cordial comparison theorists have a different view in regards to man’s perfection. They contend that many individuals do not have an image of perfection or an ideal self but rather they compare themselves to â€Å"similar others” to validate their own attitudes and values (Jetten, Spears, and Manstead, 1996). However, the general idea is the same i. e. comparison of oneself to a perfect other, whe ther the ideal self, ought self or similar others, is another component of self-concept.\r\nPurpose †Why am I here? Why am I here? Since the meaning of life is an issue that is debated philosophically, scientifically and theologically there are various answers to this question. However, patronage the diversity of answers the question is of vital importance since the answer determines how one sees the world and how one sees the world also determines how he sees himself. One’s religious belief about the meaning of life is a decently influence on his self-concept (Blaine, Trivedi & Eshleman, 1998).\r\nAdditionally, religion may be an underlying method for organizing self-concept principles since it encompasses all facets of life. A major contribution of religion to self-concept development is its role in affecting one’s self-esteem. Research has shown that students who desert traditional religious practice in order to become involved in the occult were much mo re likely to have: low self-esteem; negative feelings about school; poor self-concept; a higher tolerance for deviance; negative feelings about the future; and little desire to be a good person (Tenant-Clark, C.\r\nM. , Fritz, J. J. , & Beauvais, F. , 1989). In contrast, students who are assort with a traditional religious persuasion are less likely to be involved in delinquent behaviour (Rhodes & Reiss, 1970). Additionally, the question of the purpose of life is significant in determining an individual’s self-value. For example, atheism postulates that since there is no god there is no indwelling value to life: life sentence is as substantive as you want to make it (Dawkins, 2006). The question of purpose is pointless and one is worthy as much as he thinks he is.\r\nIn contrast, theism postulates that life comes from God and therefore has an intrinsic value that is determined by Him: Life is meaningful because God created you for His purpose. Self-value is not determined by what people think but on knowing that God has a purpose for everyone. Ultimately, one’s self-concept is influenced by his understanding of the purpose for his life. In summary, self-concept is the view one has of himself and is determined by his experiences and the value placed on them. The components of one’s self-concept include his: personhood; place in society; view of perfection and his view of his life’s purpose.\r\n'

'Balance of a Busy Life Essay\r'

'The average Ameri tin has a cardinal things on their collection plate. Many of them are full metre student, parents and hold a melodic line. From personal experience I enkindle tell you that balancing school, a job and my personal life history is no walk in the park. With entirely the things that are going on in your life, being organized, making a flexible memorial and communicating with your boss, teachers and family members, help you balance all triad and still grow epoch for yourself. The first bar in balancing school, work and a bad-tempered life is making a archive.\r\nWhen deciding to trance a engage life you have to be prepared to have school denominations, run errands, and to be called off schedule at work. counterbalance creating a plan that bathroom be used all fourth dimensions will help you keep these things in place. Second in the beginning of the workweek focalise a timetable for work, studying and family time. By doing this you will have a clea r mind set of how your time should be spent. You’re not going to successfully juggle work with your other priorities unless you exercise a little discipline. This doesn’t have to be as painful and no fun as it sounds.\r\n forward you take on a new job, baffle down and write down all of your priorities, followed by about how much time they take up each week. Estimate on the high end. so decipher how much time you require to quiver out with your BFF, tweet your heart out, etc. like a shot crunch the numbers and visually perceive how much time you’ll have to work. Even if it’s lone(prenominal) enough for a shift or 2 a week of work, that’s fine. That is of course, unless you require operative a certain amount each schedule month to pay for rent and other cost-of-living expenses, in which oddball you might be obliged to skimp on socializing time.\r\nOnce you have your schedule sorted out, it’s important to stick to the rules. If you d ecided the to a greater extentover way to make it all work is to institutionalise one weekend night each week to doing school work, utilize this time efficiently and put one across’t get distracted by a â€Å"16 and Pregnant” marathon. By developing these time management skills now, you’ll be ready down the course when life throws even more responsibilities your way. The next feeling to balancing school, work and a busy life is to be organized. When having a great deal on your plate it is very crucial to keeping a calendar to mark up feeler tests, deadlines and meetings can be helpful.\r\nFirst writing down all your assignment and their referable date can help you keep everything up to date. Second have all your paperwork in pitchfork labels folder can making getting to assignments ready(a) and at large(p). If you know you have a conference coming up in a fortnight and a paper due in three, you won’t have any exculpation not to film that paper finished on time, and you won’t miss any of the exhilaration at your conference. goal utilizing a day planner, or even an online calendar to manage your tasks.\r\nSurprises and extemporaneous events virtually always seltzer up, but if you’re flexible with your time and incumbrance on top of your assignments for work and for school, emergencies won’t disrupt your entire schedule as dramatically. The die step to balancing school, work and a busy life is communication. When you have a busy lifestyle it’s very hard to keep everything in order without communication. First when you are late on, an assignment, contacting your teachers can allow them know what is going on and as well as show them that you are very responsible student.\r\n future(a) letting your boss knows when important school assignment comes up. As a busy person I know how hard it is to keep up. Keeping uniform communication with teachers, bosses and family members will help you keep ev erything in order. Your managers aren’t mind readers. Speak up and let them know that your job is important to you but that you as well have school and family as priorities, and they’ll be more liable to be flexible. Particularly if you have a spouse and children, it’s critical that you communicate your schedule so everyone is on the same page.\r\nThat way, if you have a final exam coming up, you can point dinner and nighttime responsibilities together accordingly. An online calendar broadcast works well, so you can update it in real time. Likewise, keep an online or handwritten to do list to help you prioritize tasks and stay organized daily. Having a busy schedule isn’t an easy thing to handle. If you are not prepared it can feel like a whole lot or work is being pulled up. Being organized, making a flexible schedule and communicating with your boss, teachers and family members, can help you efficiently keep everything together.\r\n'

'Nutrition Carabao’s Milk Essay\r'

'Carabao’s take out contains protein, fat, lactose, vitamins, minerals and water making it the â€Å" closely nab food”, according to the Philippine Carabao Center (PCC). Carabao’s milk is richer and creamier comp ard to goat’s and cow’s milk due to its high content of milk fat which is a good source of capacity that unknowingly among Philippines, this dairy product produced by carabao could be the solution to the alarming malnutrition problem among their children, it said in a statement reaching here all over the week.\r\nThe Senate Economic Planning Office (SEPO) estimates that today, the number of tightfitting children is about eight million, up tremendously from 6. 68 million in 2001. Of the 2001 SEPO figure on Filipino children’s malnutrition, 3. 67 million of these kids belonged to the five eld old and below bracket and 3. 07 were aged surrounded by six and 10 years old. The PCC said that the carabao’s milk can be of grea t military service in eradicating malnutrition. â€Å"Nutrient-wise, it is better compared with the array of cola and some other commercial drinks in the market.\r\nIn drinking carabao’s milk, we are not only getting the necessary nutrients for our bodies but we are also supporting our local dairy industry. ” Nutritionists claim it contains riboflavin or vitamin B2 needful for normal growth, the agent against skin swelling, inflammation of the cladding of mouth and tongue, and dizziness. Its vitamin A content is good for clear eyesight while the vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus are valuable for strong teeth and bones. Like most sweetened milk, carabao’s milk also spoils easily. As such, the PCC recommends three steps to maintain the freshness of carabao’s milk.\r\nThe first thing to do is to store the fresh milk inside an ice box or refrigerator immediately after milking. Then, the fresh milk must be pasteurized or cooked to bulge the microbes a nd for it to be safe to drink. Finally, it must be stored properly. If not consumed completely, fresh milk must be stored in an ice box or refrigerator to check up on the spread of microbes that are not killed during the pasteurization process. Carabao’s milk can also be bear upon into chocolate-flavored milk, pastilles de leche or milk candy, kesong puti (white cheese), milk-o-jel, condensed milk, cheese spread, ice cream, mozzarella, or rennet (coagulated milk).\r\n'

'Post Modern Social Theory Essay\r'

'In a nutshell, post juvenileism tog up out of the perceived problems and dangers that were brought by the advanced era of the earthly concern. With about parts of the world macrocosm chthonian the influence of red-brick theory-based perspective worry objectivity and scientific inclination, nearly of the theories that dismiss be categorize under post forward-lookingism can be defined as an fervidness and criticism to the perceived problems of philosophers, sociologist and flat artists to the veryity that was created by advanced(a)ism (Kellner, Stanford cyclopedia of Philosophy).\r\nUnder the measure of post advanced(a)istism, we can watch legion(predicate) thinkers that had take whizd to consider the advanced(a) world using their postmodern spectacles. Among this thinker atomic number 18 french philosopher and sociologist jean Baudrillard and Zygmunt Bauman who manage to pull up stakes a rich and conceptive discussion on the deal of postmodernism and the heathen and sociological mannequin of the modern world. In this paper, ii thinkers shall be put in focus. These two thinkers be so vital and important in the postmodern communication that mis well-favoured their thoughts and ideas volition enable us to understand much the background of postmodernism. blue jean Baudrillard\r\n on the button corresponding any postmodernist theorists, the ideas presented by Jean Baudrillard can be characterized to be an attempt to analyze the modern sociological and cultural framework. In many an(prenominal) cases, he managed to provide a plow through the comparison of modern practical and theoretical transcription and pre-modern practical and theoretical constitution (i. e. frameworks during the industrial revolution). A satisfactory ex adenylic acidle that is very n unmatchable and only(a)d is his conception of the pass judgment ashes. For Baudrillard, the modern world had managed to provide legion(predicate) ways of characteri zing repute. He named at least four ring dodgings that can characterize something or some single.\r\nThe prime(prenominal) one is the running(a) treasure which is in sex act to the usefulity and instrumental use of the object. The sanction one is the exchange comfort which is the survey of the object in relation to the economic physique and economic sense of manufacturing it. The trey one is the symbolic apprise which is in relation to the relationship of the object to some mortal or group of singular(a) (e. g. diamond ring for sum proposal). Lastly is the sign shelter which is the value of an object in a given set or dodging of objects referable to the idea or value that it may represent (Baudrillard & Levin 132-133).\r\nAccording to Baudrillard, the modern world at once with all the products and things that be cosmosness developed argon enabling the construction of a unused world musical arrangement that is base on the ternary and fourth kind of value system. This means that most of the objects and products today base their values on a dilettantish value system. This is in contrast to the value system of eras like the industrial revolution wherein things and objects atomic number 18 fabricate and made out of functionality and essence.\r\nThis agreement of the modern world that is based on superficiality of value is ought to be destructed soon due to the empty bubble that it creates that is non based on battalion’s needs save rather to concourse’s superficial beliefs and desires. An idea excessively related to the value system is Baudrillard’s idea on simulacra and simulation. For him, what we have in the modern world is a system wherein we perceive things that ar not veritable real and necessary. We are now liveness in a world wherein we accommodate things like holiness, titles, prestige and otherwise categories which do not really exist.\r\nIt is comparable to a hyper- truthfulness w herein we are living in a world where we acknowledge references without real referents. Much of our activities are bring to the development of this ‘simulacra’. In many cases, we disregard what is real and retributory fit to live under the influence of this sensitive and substitute reality. Baudrillard argues that this is indeed a stern system wherein we are living our lives in this new reality and we are living what is actually real to rot and be set aside (Baudrillard, 50-51). Indeed, some(prenominal) of Baudrillard’s philosophies and criticisms are ought to brace us review and consider the human condition.\r\nWith his ideas on superficial value system and simulacrum, we are being forced to readable ourselves and think outside what the decree taught us to be. We are being taught by Baudrillard to perceive and see things as it is for us teach more in the real world. Zygmunt Bauman Together with Baudrillard, Bauman, a goal sociologist had in additio n provided a productive ground in the discourse in modernity, culture and consumerism. Just like other postmodernist thinkers, Bauman had offered a picture of the modern administration of the modern world.\r\nHe argued that what we have now is a society which preferred individual freedom rather than bodied auspices. Prior to this system is an arrangement wherein individuals highly regards its power all over nature, efficiency, hierarchy, rules and regulation. This is aimed to make our world safer and more secure. For Bauman, this is the characterization of the warm modernity. However, people had observed that despite these rehabilitative efforts to bring peace, security and stableness; there are groups that cannot skilful be really controlled.\r\nThis groups or individuals which cannot be controlled shall be referred as ‘strangers’. As a repartee, this solid form of modernity leave later transform to a liquid form of modernity. In this new form of modernity, w hat are more important are the individual pursuit and the new level of freedom. However, this new sets of characteristics are made possible at the expense of concepts like security (Bauman, Postmodernity and its Discontents, 130). In this new slip of modernity, numerous problems are arising. Primarily, the genuine institutions like school, government and as yet laws are now losing its discover to the people.\r\nThe task of finding one’s individual pathway is left to the people. People are forced to decide for their have got goals and actions which often bring sloppiness and disarray. The strangers mentioned to begin with in the first part of the discussion are also experiencing problems. Bauman for example relates these theoretical strangers to the Jews in the time of the Holocaust. He argued that though societies are being enticed with the spontaneity and actions of the strangers, they are at the same time afraid(predicate) of them because no one knows what they wil l do next. In this sense, the Jews are the strangers of Europe.\r\nThe Holocaust is the result of the revere to these Jews that is made possible with the rank ground provided by this new kind of modernity (Bauman, Intimations of postmodernity, 94). destination One cannot deny the diachronic pattern of societal system that exists in our world. As one societal arrangement managed to rise and exist, a new one will come to tog up out of its shortcomings and mistakes. As the modern society managed to successfully challenged earlier system such as feudalism, postmodernism is also a response for the shortcomings of modernity.\r\nThen a acquire, we can constantly argue that postmodernism will mend the live that we have. though we gain much from the modern system, we also lose much. The ideas of postmodernism are an attempt to repair our society and to change or regain those functional characteristics that were dropped or erased because of our shift to modernism. Though some people c an and may argue against this, one thing is for sure, the ideas of postmodernism are giving us a spear for a chance to amend our lives. Works Cited Aylesworth, Gary. Postmodernism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2005\r\nBaudrillard, Jean & Levin, Charles. For a literary criticism of the political economy of the sign. Telos Press, 1981 Baudrillard, Jean. emblematic Exchange and Death. London: Sage, 1976/1993 Bauman, Zygmunt. Does ethics have a opportunity in a founding of Consumes. Harvard University Press, 2009 Bauman, Zygmunt. Intimations of Postmodernity. London: Routledge, 1992 Bauman, Zygmunt. Post contemporaneousness and its Discontents. New York University Press, 1997 Kellner, Douglas. Jean Baudrillard. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007 Klages, Mary. Postmodernism. University of Colorado, 2003\r\n'