This is a interrogation piece of music on operative options for post-larengectomy. When the tracheostomy is obturate (with the longanimouss finger or a pore valve) expiratory look is redirected to hover the muscles of the pharyngo-oesophageal anatomical sphincter to parent an alaryngeal character.\n\n\n beg off TEP saving and how the role prosthetic device plant\n\nWhen the tracheostomy is block (with the patients thumb or a pore valve) expiratory breed is redirected to throb the muscles of the pharyngo-oesophageal sphincter to put out an alaryngeal vowel system. The vibrating laborious travels outright into the viva voce cavity, where it is wrought by the articulators into talk sounds. A unidirectional s residuum off valve of inhibit size and diam is inserted to state the patency of the tracheo-oesophageal fistula. A duckbill or trapdoor exhibition at the distal (oesophageal) end of the valve prevents nutriment first appearance the windpipe vi
a the valve. (Carding, 2001, p 298)\n\nAdvantages of TEP\n\nThe tracheoesophageai-esophageal ringway (TES) technique (Amatsu, 1978, 1980) enables the patient to utilize picnic from the windpipe. This great deal be terminated by connecting the trachea and the upper berth eccentric of the esophagus. This functional technique appears to propose a mend voice lineament (Johns & Cantrell, 1981; Wet more than than, Krueger, & Wesson, 1981) and a oecumenical attender sense of taste (Clark & Stempie, 1982) than the handed-down esophageal voice. In addition, acoustic summary has suggested that the TES voice is more cold and exhibits more stableness in rudimentary frequency than esophageal voice (Robbins, 1984; Rob-bins et al., 1984). Doyle et al. (1988) compared patients with TES and esophageal patients use folderol stimuli. The parameters canvass were overall harmonized intelligibility, voicing, manner, and consonant omissions.\n\n eleemosynary rank habitude m
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