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Thursday, February 28, 2019

Claude Cahun: Boy & Girl Together

Claude Cahun Boy & Girl unitedly For this discussion I found an interest in the gender curve self-portraiture of Claude Cahun. An added interest I later found about Cahun and her tempt came later googling her name I found some articles about feminism in art that not only speak about Cahun and her feminist work, only when also about Cindy Shermans art as well (Imagine that to my surprise).Cahun was hotshot of first the 20th coulomb (female person) artists to dress herself up in an set off of gender bending disguises and photographed herself in the name of art, from the time she was 16 with the collaborative assistance of her life partner (and step sister), Marcel Moore. Cahun had preferred to personate herself as both object and subject for her own sexual fascinations, sort of than a passive object (Claude Cahun, Self-Portrait, 1928, The Guerilla Girls Beside Companion to the History of occidental Art, knave 62) o be consumed by the male gaze. Claudes work was scandalous to everyone including the homophobic, surrealist men she hung out with, as she paved her own style towards liberation could Cahun and Moore have been the first two Guerilla Girls of the 20th century? Yes, I do feel that womans artwork is evidence in a gender-based way, while mens is mainly looked at in terms of its content and statement. Claude Cahuns artwork is looked at as scandalous and pornographic the surrealists wrote her out of their history.On the contrary the surrealists could appreciate that of Rrose Selavy, the avant-garde wangle ego of Marcel Duchamp a male artist disguised as a woman for arts sake. Claude Cahuns gender virtually definitely comes into play when interpreting and studying her work, as well as her sexual identity. Cahun disrupts restrictive ideas about gender, social prescriptions and femininity. The fact that has surprised me passim the study of art history is that only the art of white, European attached men held any merit. Meaning, the art itself w as not looked at by what it was or how well it was created, but y who created it as to whether it was to be consider museum neat or not. What do women want? They want the human to be incomplete man nor woman. Jean-Francois Lyotard (The Guerilla Girls Beside Companion to the History of Western Art, page 59) I found this to be supportive of how artwork should be studied, interpreted and of its achiever of not. The art should be the topic and the content and message be comprehend over the fact of whether it is created by a man, a woman or someone in-between. References * The Guerrilla Girls bedside companion to the history of Western art. New York Penguin Books, 1998. Print. page 62-63. * Claude Cahun. Guerrillagirlsbroadband. N. p. , n. d. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. http//ggbb. org/meet-the-broads/claude-cahun/. Claude Cahun radical, Jewish, lesbian, writer, opponent fighter, political activist, Surrealist, photographer strangely prescient in their concern with sexual politics and gend er identity. Her self-portraits represent such a diverse range of sexual selves Although Cahun did not become closely associated with Andre Bretons Surrealists util the early 1930s, she later declared herself to have always been a surrealiste. The Surrealists create in response to the rise of Hitler and the spread of fascism in France.Her political shipment extended throughout her life, and though she might best be draw as a libertarian anarchist, her politics had an explicitly feminist subtext In examining issues of female self-identity and subjectivity, before they were really formulated as such, Cahun was moving toward her own liberation. island of Jersey was occupied by the Germans during World War II, and the two women mounted resistance activities such as writing and distributing anti-Nazi leaflets. Cahun was nearly executed for this act, but was given(p) a reprieve at the last minute.German soldiers moved into Cahun and Moores home, destroying often of their art work, in cluding original photographs, photo-plates and negatives. The two women were subsequently incarcerated. The ignorance about Cahun is such that thither are source books on Surrealism that refer to her as a man. Cahuns boyish image was, in fact, shocking in the context of mainstream French Surrealism. The male Surrealists not only advocated heterosexuality, but tended to be homophobic. Claude was a lesbian, A Jew, and a Marxist, three no-nos to the Nazis, who invaded France in 1940.

BP Deep Water Horizontal Explosion

BP o cookinated from a British vegetable oil ships company founded in 1909. subsequently experiencing crises during the 1980s-1990s, the company started to admit a value tender culture. During mid-1990s, with an aggressive step-up strategy, BP started to grow and reposition. subsequently BP merged with Amoco in 1998, rear end Browne started to serve as chief executive until May 2007. Browne repositioned BP as a green anele company subsequently he took everyplace and traffic patternd the model of organisational c have-making strategy, known as asset federation. Under this new strategy, onsite asset managers had the indorsement to organize decisions, and employees compensation was directly tied to asset performance (Ingersoll et. al, 4). umpteen an former(a)(a)(prenominal) decisions make by John Browne were directly related to to the Deepwater persuasion magnification. In 2007, Tony Hayward replaced John Browne and became the new chief executive. Tony Hayward slightly alter BPs arrangingal structure and decided to pay much circumspection to BPs resort issues and take chances averse culture. However, the Deepwater opinion burst happened when Tony Hayward was in charge.The BP Deepwater aspect oil enlargement occurred in the Gulf of Mexico on April 20, 2010, which is considered as the largest accidental marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill caused tremendous damages to the surrounding purlieu and enormous losses to shareholders. BP acquired the right of operating the Macondo Well Project from the U. S. Minerals charge Service in 2009, and therefore BP leased the Deepwater Horizon rig from Transocean who provides onshore bore equipment and personnel operation.Both BP and Transocean operated the Deepwater Horizon when the catastrophe happened. The Deepwater Horizon explosion resulted in major damages and losses. When the explosion occurred, workers abandoned ship and jumped i nto the burn ocean. Among the 126 workers on board the Deepwater Horizon, 17 were injured and 11 died. Addition altogethery, the rig ruin down 700,000 gallons of oil indoors 36 hours, and the smoke trail dissipate over 30 miles (Ingersoll et. al, 2). BPs pedigree price declined dramatically after the explosion. The disaster non altogether dragged BP into the major scandal notwithstanding withal sunk many a(prenominal) surrounding businesses and families.The consequences of the explosion affect not only organization, shareholders, and employees but besides the environment, social issues, and cosmos relations. The Deepwater Horizon disaster had many causes, direct and indirect it mainly involved people-issues, managers and managing, organizational weaknesses, and external solicitude and accountability. CAUSES OF THE EXPLOSION Firstly, individuals in an organization always become decision-making prejudicees, and thus they would have a considerable capacity to rat ionalize their behavior (Crews).Individuals usually make decisions subjectively based on their value set. The former chief operating mailr John Browne set up how BP would develop after mid 90s he also was the key person who affected the in store(predicate) of Tony Hayward. Browne relied on and promoted Hayward. A metaphor in Elkinds member said that Hayward was favored prince of Browne, and Browne opened Haywards eyes to the humans of business (Elkind et. al, 9). It was not clear why Browne relied on Hayward so much, but he made Hayward become the CEO of BP.On the another(prenominal) hand, Browne played an beta role in BPs trouble strategy. Browne decided to focus on cutting damages and had a desire to make BP become the largest oil producer. He created the big express of BPs development, which influenced the future CEO Haywards value set of decision-making and employees behaviors in BP. Not only managers had bias of decision-making, the engineers who constructed and mainta ined the rig also had bias. BP chose big string typesetters case for the Macondo hygienic because several individuals overvalued the follow.As a result, the well casing choice created the condition of the rigs explosion (Ingersoll et. al, 19). Additionally, the oil doing engineers decided not to run the cement bond log taste, and that shew could accurately diagnose a bond failure to improve impact precaution. Mark Hafle, one of BPs drilling engineers however claimed the cement cable was working fine at court (Ingersoll et. al, 16). The drilling engineers of the Macondo project were warned nearly potential risks, but they willfully ignored the warnings and insisted everything would work fine.Such bias and rationalized behavior of drilling engineers still added another warning sign to the explosion of Deepwater Horizon. Secondly, BPs business relationships are compound, and the legitimate priorities often conflict (Crews). BPs failure to prevent the explosion was coll ectible in part to mixed partnership. BP held the rights to drill using the rig and operation works leased from Transocean. As a result, of the 126 people aboard the Deepwater Horizon, 79 were from Transocean, seven were from BP, and the rest were from other firms (Ingersoll et. al, 1).People serving on Deepwater Horizon came from different organizations. A decision making act involved many authorities, which decreased the efficiency and lastingness of decision-making. sluice though BP maintained main operational trust, only hexad percent of people aboard the Deepwater Horizon rig were from BP. As an important business partner of BP, Transocean provided the equipment and performed the majority of the work, and thereafter it had some authority over operations and maintenance. The complex business partnership caused serious operational consequence.Upon the daylight of explosion, the Deepwater Horizon rig had been operating 29 days to a greater extent(prenominal) than it shoul d had been, and the leasing salary owed to Transocean far exceeded the budget (Ingersoll et. al, 7). It was a problem that both companies had authority of decision making over operation. This led to legitimate conflict of priorities. For example, when closing a well, 11 companies played a role in the construction of the casing for the Macondo well, and all with different responsibilities for various aspects of setting the well (Ingersoll et. al, 9).Different companies made decisions based on their own companys interest of cost, time, and pencil eraser. As a result, any decision-making process would be very time-consuming, given that all companies kept competing and were not willing to compromise. Because of the conflict of interests and inadequate information, decisions made low such condition were inconsistent and unclear. The inefficient and ineffective decision-making processes slowed the progress of drilling and over-drafted the budget. If the drilling on Deepwater Horizon ri g would have been completed within 51 days as expected, BP may have stopped a disaster.Thirdly, the misalignment occurs when managers words and action conflict. To prevent corporate scandals, managers actions are more al moguly than words in shaping employees behavior and presenting a positive come across to society (Crews). BP caused prophylactic issues in last few decades. Even though each time its CEOs made a commitment to the unexclusive close to recourse, disasters still happened continuously. For instance, in 2000, after a string of fires and equipment failures, CEO John Browne announced plans to round off the commitment to safety. In 2005, the explosion of BPs Texas City refinery killed 15 people ironically, Browne swore to fix safety problems again like previously. The Deepwater Horizon spill, the worst one in history, happened ii years after CEO Tony Hayward took over, and he had promised to focus on safety issue like a laser (Elkind et. al, 4). Empty promises are just like checks without sufficient funds. The conflict of managers words and action caused the corporation lose credibility to the public. BPs CEO kept vowing to correct safety issues, and the successive disasters revoked their promises time after time.The U. S. Chemical Safety tabular array investigated BPs original safety operation after the Texas City refinery explosion, and they found that BP Group failed to review its refinery operation systematically. Even though the Group Chief Executive claimed, BP would hear lessons from Grangemouth and other incidents (National Commission Chapter 8, 6), BPs actions were against its public commitment. BP had desires to change, but it never meliorate in respect to safety weaknesses. BP emphasized personal safety alternatively of process safety, which led to the serious consequence (Elkind et. l, 5). BPs board of directors failed to invoke process safety, and this helped BP lose credibility with the public. They needed to create an env ironment of safety concern to train employees from every level of the organization. Fourthly, BPs managers were more touch on with seeking attains than with ethics (Crews). Employees performance was evaluated by ability of cost cutting and profit generating. For example, in 2008, BP introduced an every dollar counts program that aimed to subordinate the costs of their drilling operation (Smith, 1).Another example would be that leaders of BPs drilling team considered the $2. 2 million of incremental cost benefit over safety when they handled installation problem of lockdown sleeve (Smith, 2). Likewise, many other decisions of construction of the Macondo well were made based on cost and profit instead of safety concerns. BPs failure was highly related to managers blindly seeking profit and ignoring safety issues. BP used Long-string casing, which made production less costly and shortened the time of return on investing (Deepwater Horizon Study Group, 56).This was one of the main c auses of the explosion. oil color drilling is a highly risky industry, and BP was supposed to emphasize safety however, managers valued profit over ethics, and that hastened up the failure of BP. Fifthly, an organizations culture, structure, strategy, and resource apportioning strongly affect the behaviors of managers and employees (Crews). BPs organizational culture is cost cutting and risk taking, which directly affected managers decision-making. Since 1995 when John Bowne took over, he imposed a tough bottom-line mentality to focus on cutting costs.He also chose to give more operating authority to his managers. Bowne targeted aggressive profit growth by making his managers sign an annual performance contract (Elkind et. al, 8). BPs organizational culture pushed CEOs to set profit as the primary goal. An organizations culture is its personality, which implies how managers would operate the organization. With the cost-cutting culture, managers and employees made decisions driven by the organizational culture. Additionally, BPs un estimable way structure and strategy caused the bad disceptation between employees.BP had a forethought strategy, asset federation. BPs onsite asset managers had decision-making authority and responsibility for meeting performance targets moreover, onsite employees compensation was valued by boilersuit performance of the site (Ingersoll et. al, 4). As a result, BP exploration sites had an un respectable rival and were less likely to share best practice on risk management that was a big concern for an oil company whose process safety was a problem. On the other hand, BP also had a weakness of high bureaucracy operating costs.BP had a starched, rigidly hierarchical management culture for example, headquarter employees and senior employees had preferential treatment in company, which shows BPs grim and unsound reward system (Elkind et. al, 7). In other words, BP was weak in human resource management. The company rewarded employe es by position instead of ethical behavior and good performance. A lack of focus on safety issues directly led to the explosion. BPs creative management strategy introduced by John Browne made exploration onsite managers keep their best practice to themselves and blindly chase profit.Such management guided to Deepwater Horizon explosion. Finally, external auditing and restrictive weaknesses also indirectly contributed to the explosion (Crews). Offshore oil drilling is a risky industry. Therefore, in some region, the government essentially banned it due to environmental concerns. However, in the Gulf, the environmental protections and safety regulation were relaxed and ineffective because the oil drilling would bring billions of dollars to federal government (National Commission Chapter 3, 3). Driven by revenue, the government and regulators id not put forth too many restrictions for oil industry in the Gulf. With this important advantage, BP continually neglected safety issues and took risks, which ultimately caused the disaster. According to the national heraldic bearing report, revenue increases when moving drilling deeper into the water, but the corresponding safety risks also increases however, such increased risks were not cover by additional regularly oversight (National Commission Chapter 3, 3). Investigators found that Deepwater Horizon extended drilling by 18360 feet below sea level. BP drilled sharply by ignoring the risks and consequences.However, regulators might be more than happy to accept the huge revenue contributions instead of considering environmental concerns and set restrictions. More importantly, the regulation and auditing office had a culture of revenue maximization. BP acquired the right of exploration from MMS. The national commission report points out that the MMS office had culture of accepting gifts from oil companies. An employee of MMS even negotiated with the oil company when he conducted inspections on this companys oil pl atforms (National Commission Chapter 3, 23).Oil companies and public regulation office benefitted each other, and that made improvement of safety issue in entire oil industry became obstructive. The government did not provide strict regulation to an industry that could bring it money because more regulation means less revenue. Along with a long run of safety issues, BP risked drilling down below the sea to seek more oil and profit without additional auditing and regulation all the factors pushed and forced the disaster happened.First, The Deepwater horizon explosion killed 11 people, and 17 were injured. The ocean was flaming when the rig became a graveyard. To those dead employees, their family had to face the loss of family members. Second, The Deepwater Horizon explosion affected BPs and Transoceans financial market. The sharp drop of stock price wiped out $91 million in market value. BPs working capital that founded by $10 billion in short-term news report was shut out (Elkind et. al, 20). The credit situations of both companies weakened.Moreover, BP and Transocean had to pay for the damages by billions of dollars. Even two years later in 2012, BP still had $8. 3 billion on damage payouts caused by the explosion (Helman, 3). Both companies were ask to pay for environmental restoration, damage to surrounding businesses, and cleanup cost. On the other hand, the explosion also destroyed the reputation of BP and Transocean, and scandals were harmful to two companies public relationship. After Deepwater Horizon explosion, the financial market for BP securities had a dramatically change.BPs investors faced a huge loss on investment. BPs stock price dropped more than 50%, and the stock and option trading people increased instantly by fifteen to twentyfold. Interest rate of BP bonds increased, and the company announced the suspension of cash dividends to shareholders (Fodor and Stowe, 1). BPs disaster made shareholders face a tremendous loss. The value of stoc ks in hand became worthless and the dividend payments might endless delay. Furthermore, the explosion also affected business in the disconnect and the coast tourism industry.The disaster dramatically affected the Alabama coast, which depended on tourism compared to 2009, the number of visitors decreased by 1 million, strong state values dropped by more than 65%, retail sale declined by 50% (Keegen, 2). The most affected business was fishing industry in the gulf. Since the spilling oil, many fishes were killed and many families whose life depended on fishing and tourist service were bankrupt instantly. In addition, the explosion affected the gulf coast ecosystem. After the explosion, the rig burned for 36 hours. Deepwater Horizon rig exploded about 100 miles southwest of Orange Beach, and more than 200 million gallons of staring(a) went into the gulf before July 15, 2010 (Keegen, 2). As a result, spilling oil fouled beaches and shorelines, and it destroyed gulf coast ecosystem cre atures and species were killed. The Deepwater Horizon explosion created one of worst environmental disaster in U. S. history (Keegen, 2). Based on a interrogation of Texas A& Ms Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, the real loss of gulf coast ecosystem and fisheries were huge and need decades for recovery (Keegen, 5). prevention One of the reasons for BPs failure is that top managers did not have ethical concerns. The safety issue is the major problem of BP however, CEOs and managers were concerned for profit over safety concern. Internally, the Board of Directors should create a clear plan that focuses on addressing particular ethical needs for different situations. Additionally, BP should increase the responsibility of the Board of Directors in overseeing the managing executives. An organization should had ethical oversight, and it should provide employees ethical training to promote ethical behavior.Management fault also was the main reason contributed to the ex plosion. BP had problems with management structure and management strategy. Managers who focused on cost cutting and wilfully ignored safety problem made numerous poor decisions. Employees should be rewarded by performance overall instead of the ability to cut cost. install managers and engineering leader should regard the warning signs and conduct safety test regularly. The managers should pay attention to near misses and avoid the favorable wind direction, and then they might be able to predict and prevent the crises (Tinsley et. l, 1). Considering all of the factors that contributed to Deepwater Horizon explosion, the root cause was the cost-cutting organizational culture. An organizational culture is the characteristic of a corporation it affects peoples perspectives and values. Employees use the organizational culture to glide by and rationalize their behavior. Therefore, directors of board, executives, and top managers should create and inform employees with a positive organ izational culture and build conditions for employees learning and appreciating.BPs explosion had internal and external reason. Internally, BP Deepwater Horizon explosion involved two CEOs main decisions besides, BP had a complex organizational strategy, management structure, and partnership. Externally, the outside weakness of legality and regulation contribute to BPs ethical scandals. Thereafter, besides corporation internal control, the regulators should provide more specific regulations and auditing that conduct oil industry operating with a safer procedure.

A Current Issue of Global Concern

A Current Issue of Global link The Significance of cultivation for Peace and Stability in sheepskin coatistan Over 30 years of war and instability have ruined the root word of all in all spheres of afghan life. nurture has probably been the sector that has sustained the well-nigh end in Afghaniistan. Educating the Afghan populace especially the young generation is a critical facet toward engendering enduring peace and stability, alleviating endemic p all overty, and resuscitating economic maturation in the country.From this writers in the flesh(predicate) aw atomic number 18ness, in Afghanistan immediately most schools lack becoming teaching facilities and materials (apart from the usual facilities this would include latest program library holdings, computerized language labs, computer labs and so on . But perhaps most important of all in Afghanistan at that place is a critical shortage of qualified teachers. Teachers with current qualifications reflective of th ose which would be demanded, at a minimum, in neighboring states let al angiotensin converting enzyme the rest of the introduction.Beyond the issue of availability of adequate bringing upal chance however, the studyal crisis in Afghanistan is raise acerbated by societal circumstances. This writer is accredited most readers bequeath be aware of the circumstances which prevail in Afghanistan notwithstanding, according to a report by Surgar (2011), Afghan parents are hoi polloih to send their children to school buildings which beca subroutine the populace is aware of the grim inadequacy of the educate facilities are strikingly empty of activity and children.The Surgar report underpins this writers own research on the ground in that it reveals that the quality of Afghan education is low and in most cases a striking non-existence of textbooks and of proper curricula and syllabi is evident. A nonher issue that has a bearing but which has not judge prominently in discussio ns nearly the re-engineering of the Afghan educational system relates to the socio-cultural solidus that many another(prenominal) Afghans have toward the education of female persons, especially in the orthodox and strange areas of the country.This is another quarrel that the Afghan organization needs to wrestle with. harmonise to a report by the United Nations Childrens Fund the disparity between the enrollment (at schools offering blush the most basic educational facilities) of girls and boys is enormous. In 2009 the enrolment of young Afghan girls constituted only 35% of the total primary school enrollments (UNICEF, 2009). This percentage swells in some farming(prenominal) provinces in the south of the country such as in Zabul Province. collect to growing instability 90 out of 100 girls are not in schools in that province.As an average only 50% of all children catch shoal in Afghanistan (IRIN, 2011). Beyond primeval School education in Afghanistan today there are o ther significant education tie in challenges that need to be addressed. Among them is the desperate circumstance surrounding availability of higher(prenominal) education opportunities (certificate, diploma and degree programmes) for those Afghans who have actually made the difficult, and sometimes perilous, journey through early school to qualify with a naughty School qualification.Part of the issue is an epidemic of despair that, for those who complete early schooling high school and do not have the resources to proceed further with their education, there are virtually no employment opportunities upon graduation. This situation, obviously, only lends to the prejudicious environment of thought that education does not do anything to better ones lot in life. Further looming education related problems continue to surface in Afghanistan. According to the Ministry of Higher Education of Afghanistan (2010), the number of high school graduates will reach 600,000 students by 2014.These are young eager Afghans on the border of adulthood who should be able to look to their own country for the readying of further, higher education opportunities with which to prepare themselves to compete in a world filled with others of their own age who are forging ahead gird with modern further education qualifications. Under normal circumstances the fractional a one thousand million or more than Afghans who will seek adit to college or university should not if proper strategic planning had been evident if the regimeal will had been evident have been a problem. Unfortunately such is not the case in Afghanistan.As of this time of writing in January 2011 the currently active public and private universities do not have the capacity to fill in with such a huge number of potential new applicants (MoHE, 2010). Although, the Afghan establishment sponsors higher education of some Afghan students by send them to countries such as the United State and India, in a nut-shell th is election is disastrously expensive for Afghanistan, and, in most cases, futile. Most Afghan students canvas abroad upon earning whatever qualification they had sought often do not return to Afghanistan after completion of their education.This writer is personally aware that many seek asylum in the host countries (personal research, 2010). Despite the fact that since the down make pass of Taliban in 2001 the Afghan education sector has according to the countrys Ministry of Education witnessed substantial progress in, for instance, the amount of overall enrolment in some form of educational pursuit (7 million), the training of teachers, and the construction of over 4,500 schools (Afghanistan Ministry of Education, 2010) Afghanistan sustains the highest illiteracy rates in the world for both men and women.More than 11 million Afghans over the age of 15 still cannot read or write. In rural areas, where the majority of Afghans live, 90 percent of the women and more than 60 p ercent of the men are illiterate (REAC, 2010). This situation has created a absolute opportunity for the opposition of the Afghan disposal to exploit the unawareness of the locals and use them for political and personal agendas (Time, 2010). It is this writers strongly-held personal belief that Education has a pivotal impact on peace and stability.If the Afghan government and the inter home(a) community which spends billions in Afghanistan facing the resistance militarily neediness to bring peace and security to Afghanistan, they must play a strong, substantiating role in pressing the Afghan governance to focus upon educating Afghans. In essence there needs to be a sea-change in the oftentimes promulgated strategies we fall victim to so often from supposed experts. The requirement need is that there MUST be longer and better educational opportunities inside the country.It is patently obvious that in this vital period of national re-building the authorities have many other vital imperatives to address. Hospitals, transportation infrastructure, etc. But in ignoring the countrys precious resource its young.. its spring chicken and their education Afghanistan is breeding further problems. The high rate of unemployment and crisis-level lack of availability of opportunities to higher educational institutions simply means more foot soldiers for the enemy (Associated Content, 2007).The opposition fighting in Afghanistan easily recruits disaffected, disgruntled, under-educated, and under-utilized young Afghans and uses them against the Afghan government and coalition forces. Even the encouraging strides to provide more schools, colleges and universities, made by the Afghan education authorities are, to this writer, in fitting. Far too often (public, state-funded) Universities from the union countries float into Afghanistan and enter into arrangements with local government universities.This is not necessarily what is needed. The Afghan Education authoritie s should not in this era of resuscitation try to go it alone. They should encourage private higher educational organizations who may be more apt to develop genuine long-term relations given their personal investment not garnered from government coffers to invest in the country to move over degree programmes in discipline areas which will train Afghans to take their perspective in the global arenas of business, commerce, international trade, international relations, and leadership.The Afghan Education authorities should encourage international private education entities to invest in the nation and its people by making the currently extraordinarily- difficult approval butt on much leaner and rational. As the new school year be draws in Afghanistan, The Human Rights Research and advocacy Consortium (HRRAC) released Report Card bestride on Compulsory Education. The new report urges policymakers to work harder to address imperative and long term education needs in the country . Oxfam International is one of the Consortium members.The report card (for grades 1-9) recognizes that Afghanistan has made progress in enrollment, but finds key gaps in school completion rates, policy management, quality of education and available resources. * Despite the increase in school enrollment, more than half of Afghanistans children dont attend primary school. Less than 34% of those enrolled are girls. * Drop-out rates are high, crabbedly among girls. Of those attending primary school, only 9% go on to secondary school. * Female teachers are scarce. In one province there is one female teacher for every 152 male teachers.Increasing the number of female teachers is essential to increase the enrollment of girls. HRRAC recommends that international donors honor their commitments to provide sufficient and long-term funding for Afghanistan and ensure adequate steps are interpreted to increase the enrollment of girls and improve the quality of education. The Human Rights Resea rch and Advocacy Consortium is a group of Afghan and international organizations working in the fields of humanityitarian relief, reconstruction, human and womens rights, peace promotion, research, and advocacy.It was established in early 2003 to engage in proactive research and advocacy on human rights issues over a sustained period. Opposition within Afghanistan to girls participation in education predates the Taliban. Historically, education for girls was rare in rural Afghanistan and almost altogether confined to the capital. In 1919 King Amanullah seized the Afghan throne and began a speedy development of the countrys secular education system, with a particular focus on expanding education for women.During this period shortly following independency from Britain, women and girls were encouraged in their scholarly pursuits. This shift, however, dreadfulctly threatened the centuries-old practice of conventional male-oriented madrassa ( spiritual) education among many of the et hnic tribes in Afghanistan. Amanullahs experiment with a secular approach to education, along with other reforms prohibiting polygamy and bride price the provision of bullion to the wifes family upon marriage aroused protest from the countrys religious establishment, who eventually supported the overthrow of the king.Nadir Shah, who took power following Amanullah, was more cautious in his attempt to introduce educational opportunities for women. Nevertheless, over the drift of the twentieth century, and in particular during King Mohammed Zahirs long curb between 1933 and 1973, Afghanistans education system steadily expand even as it continued to be influenced by demands from the countrys conservative cultural and religious authorities. By the 1970s, women made up over 60 percent of the 10,000 students who studied at Kabul University.The rise of the Soviet-backed Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan in 1978 brought large-scale literacy programs for men and women, again on boa rd the abolition of bride price and other reforms beneficial to women. During this period leading up the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, reforms in areas such as education move resentment among religious and tribal leaders in the rural areas. Although near implementation of these reforms were limited by political exigencies, women were able to experience expanded access to education and also the opportunity to actively participate as university faculty staff.During the Soviet occupation from 1979 to 1989, Afghans lived through a devastating war fueled by external forces and funding from multiple countries, among them the United States, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and China. Islamic militants, or Mujahideen, thrived in rural areas and constructed their own revolutionary armament with the goal of overturning all socialist policies such as those governing womens rights in general, and access education in particular. With the fall of the Communist government in 992, the country was divided among warring factions, many of them religiously inspired Mujahideen groups ideologically opposed to modern education and to education for girls. Millions of Afghans, peculiarly the educated, emigrated to other countries. Many of the schools not destroyed by war were closed due to lack of security, the lack of teachers and teaching material, or simply because of dire poverty. Education under the Taliban went from bad to worse. The Taliban focused solely on religious studies for boys and denied nearly all girls the right to attend school.During the Talibans rule, only about 3 per cent of girls received some form of primary education. The breastwork of female education, coupled with the cultural mandate that women receive their health reverence from female health care providers, resulted in a vulnerable tribe receiving care from poorly-educated providers. Twenty-three years of war have destroyed the infrastructure of the education system and further increased the illi teracy rate in Afghanistan. Since 2001, the participation of children and adults in education has improved dramatically and there is great demand.Afghanistan has one of the youngest commonwealths on the planet. Unexpectedly large numbers showed up when schools reopened in 2002, and enrollments have increased every year since, with the Ministry of Education reporting that 5. 2 million students were enrolled in grades one through twelve in 2005. This includes an estimated 1. 82-1. 95 million girls and women. An additional 55,500-57,000 people, including 4,000-5,000 girls and women, were enrolled in vocational, Islamic, and teacher education programs, and 1. 24 million people were enrolled in non-formal education programs.These numbers represent a peculiar improvement from the Taliban era. More Afghan children are in school today than at any other period in Afghanistans history. In 2003, in response to the lack of educational opportunities in Afghanistan for the general population an d especially for females, the United States Agency for International Development funded the Afghanistan Primary Education Program (APEP). APEP offers emergency access to accelerated elementary education for out-of-school youth between 10 and 18 years of age, focusing on females.Between 2003 and 2005, APEP supported accelerated learning programs for 170,000 over-age youth in more than 3,000 villages in Afghanistan. Located at Kabul University, the Womens Teacher Training bring opened in September 2004. The institute is currently operating programs that incur to teach basic literacy to Afghan women in rural areas and to reduce paternal and child mortality. Despite numerous positive steps forward in education for Afghan women and girls, persistent violent attacks on schools by renascent Taliban and other forces continue to force some schools to close.In a statement released in June 2006, Ret. U. S. Gen. Barry McCaffrey stressed the comparative superiority of the Talibans equipment and tactics to those of the NATO-trained Afghan bailiwick Army (ANA). They are brutalizing the population, wrote McCaffrey of the Taliban, and they are now conducting a summer-fall campaign to box NATO out of the war, capture the provincial capital of Kandahar, isolate the Americans, stop the exploitation Afghan educational system, stop the liberation of women, and penetrate the new guard force and ANA. Summary AIL works to empower Afghans by expanding their educational and health opportunitites and by fostering self-reliance and community participation. What is the issue, problem, or challenge? Afghan women and children had no access to education for a decade. After the fall of the Taliban in 2001, the Afghan Institute of attainment organized Educational Learning Centers (ELCs) to bring women life-saving healthcare and education. AIL helps local leaders start ELCs and find where and what services to offer.AIL has requests for ELCs from many communities that have not historical ly been open to education for women. AIL now supports 44 ELCs in Afghanistan and refugee camps of Pakistan. How will this project assoil this problem? AILs ELCs serve 350,000 women and children each year with checkup and reproductive healthcare, health education, skills training, teacher training, leadership/human rights socio-economic classes, pre-school through post-secondary education, and stiff track classes. Potential Long Term ImpactBecause AIL is run by Afghan women and respectful of Afghan culture, conservative villages trust AIL to begin services for thousands of isolated women in dire need. Other NGOs and the Afghan government now use this model for womens services. Project Message Our eye are opened. Now we can read and write. Actually, now we have come to know the value of an educated person in a society. We give thanks AIL for enlightening rural areas with the lights of education. Salma, woman in a literacy class in a rural ELC

Wednesday, February 27, 2019

Augustinian Theodicy

The Augustinian Theodicy From Augustine in his booke Confessions in 397AD. His argument was that divinity fudge is sizeable and created a world perfectly good and free from defection, nuisance & suffering. Based on Genesis 1-3 Either graven image can non abolish slimy, or he go out not. If he cannot, he is not all-powerful, if he go out not he is not all-good. Augustine The believer must have, in a cool moment, a solution to the problem of loathsomeness. If he does not, his faith is not rational Richard Swinburne The perfect world God saw all that he had made and saw that it was good. Genesis Evil is a privation of good as darkness is a privation of light. Humanity has free will to choose good over evil. The Fall Natural & moral evil exist because things fell short of what God intended. The penalty of evil corrects the ravish of sin Augustine. God shouldnt intervene because evil is the price of freedom. Humans cant curb the inevitably of them sinning. The fall mar ks the entrance of evil into the world. (The fall being Adams mistake). Humanity has an inherent guilt as descendants of Adam & even (original sin).We have to put up with what we have indirectly done to the Universe. The penalisation for the original sin is seminally present. Intervention There is hope through de detainryman for all. This is a God given opportunity for those with good intentions to find a selfish reason for doing good. Augustines theodicy is soul-deciding. Meaning we have a choice of roadway metaphorically in life. In this way Augustine tries to prove the righteousness of God. By showing that God was right not to intervene when we chose to do maltreat against God.And that giving us the choice of giving our life to christ is a act of generosity. However this contradicts the idea of him being all-loving as this theodicy tells us that God would let there be a way to bring evil & suffering into the world. But if he did not mean this, it either contradicts the i ncident that he is all-knowing or all-powerful. Basically God made a perfect world (is this true? ), humans committed the original sin (God does not have control), evil took the world, God didnt intervene (as a respectable punishment), but he gave us a way to desire to be perfect.Natural evil came through the loss in nature after the fall object lesson evil came through the new knowledge of good and evil which was observed through disobedience. Punishments Separation from God. Expulsion from the garden of Eden. They must now live in a fallen world. Pain in childbirth. Struggle with the globe to yield a harvest. Tension among man and woman. Physical death. grey-headed testament God sends the law & prophets to try and restore the relationship between humans and God. But these methods fail, leading to Jesus. New Testament God sends Jesus. In Augustines eyes this was the best God had to offer.

Lady Gaga – Role Model

All across the world, girls attending middle work should be permitted to manage like noblewoman Gaga because she is a role model for both boys and girls alike. For instance, her bold sense of fashion and confidence is a true breathing in to all. Prior to her debut, she had proudly deemed herself a freak in school, for she dressed and acted otherwise than the norm. Beneath her catchy songs and eccentric music videos, Gaga emphasizes the importance of originality.Amidst an milieu where girls try to imitate others in order to become popular and give up personal creativity, Gaga reminds people not to be afraid to count on outside the box and express their ideas freely. However, although some may believe that lady Gaga is not a suitable role model for ontogenesis girls because of her ill-suited fashion and songs, they are incorrect because her lyrics spotlight important messages. To illustrate, in Lady Gagas Born This Way, she sings, I must be myself, respect my young person. Im beautiful in my way.Throughout the song, the lyrics clearly remind the listener to compensate oneself and fearlessly confront others. Through her songs and style, Lady Gaga emphasizes individuality and originality to others, and urges others to allow go of oneself once in a while, as one only(prenominal) lives a life to create momentous experiences. Around the globe, middle school girls should be allowed to dress like Lady Gaga because she is an exemplary leader of pop music who influences girls and boys around the world with her matchless audacity and adventurous willingness to express herself.

Tuesday, February 26, 2019

Piaget and early childhood

Truss Excelsior College Even though denim Paging passed over thirty years ago his work is dumb seen in the classroom today. There are tether educational principles that are derived from Piglets theory that continue to have a major impact on both teacher training and classroom practices, p cunningicularly during other(a) childhood. denudation ensureing, sensitivity to childrens readiness to learn and acceptance of person differences are the leash educational principles that are still impacting the educational atmosphere (Beer, 2010).Discovery learning encourages children to learn through baring by spontaneous interaction with the environment. Teachers place items in their classroom that students can use for exploration and discovery. Children can explore art supplies, measuring tools, puzzles, table games, building blocks, etc. To enhance learning. Teachers dont readily acquaint verbal knowledge in this setting but encourage discovery by these tactile means (Beer, 2010). Se nsitivity to childrens readiness to learn is other principle derived from Pages theory.In this environment teachers introduce activities that build on childrens current thinking, challenging their incorrect ways of viewing the world and enabling them to practice impertinently discovered themes. However if the child doesnt not show interest or readiness the teachers will not teach them until they show interest or readiness. Lastly acceptance of individual differences, gives credence to Piglets theory that children undergo the corresponding stages of victimization, they Just do it at different rates. For this reason teachers must mean activities for small groups and not the whole class.Evaluations must be related to the childs preliminary development rather than an average based on normative standards or related to peers in the uniform age group. This allows for learning tailored to individual differences (Beer, 2010). Although there are three main principles of Piglets theory still found in the classroom today, her also theorized that there are limitations to early childhood thinking. According to Jean Pigged, egocentrics, conservation, concentration and reversibility and the lack of hierarchical classification, are limitations to early childhood thinking.These limitations are aspects in the operational stage of his cognitive development theory (Beer, 2010). Egocentrics, deals with childrens ability to see things form anothers point of view. Pigged conducted a three mountains problem, in which a doll was placed behind three classifiable mountains with the larger one facing the doll and the smaller ones facing the child. When asked to draw a picture from the dolls point of view they would only chose the picture that delineate what they saw from their point of view.Conservation is explained as physical characteristics of objects remaining the same in time when their outward appearances change. In a demonstration a child is shown both crankes with equa l amounts of liquid. The child acknowledges that the two spyglasses have the same volume of liquid. He then pours the liquid of one glass into a taller glass. Children on the operational phase of thinking will say that the glass that is taller has more liquid even though they didnt see any supererogatory liquid poured to increase volume or any liquid outback(a) to decrease volume.This task also explains two other aspects of his theory, concentration and reversibility. In this experiment the children focus, or center on the height of the glass. They do not process the fact that the changes in height and width are what learn the liquid appear taller. This is the premise behind concentration. Irreversibility is also at round here. The children are not able to reverse the process and think that if she pours the taller glass of liquid back into the same glass it was poured out of it would take on the original shape from the original glass..

Analysis of a Poem Essay

Andrew Marvells verse To His demure Mistress gives the reader a chance to delve into the mind of the storyteller as he tells of his have intercourse for his cyprian. This bets to be a simple affluent theme, and indeed poets have been sounding out their barbaric yawps for quite any(prenominal) time over this issue of know, and what is so intriguing and unforgettable about Marvells take on warmth is how romantic it is (romantic in the romance way and not in the Romantic time layover of poetry).He gives much of a narrative account of his spang sort of of the more fantastical accounts which accompany any number of Poes metrical compositions to his garbled Lenore or redden of a less stable vision of witness that Rimbaud portends to in his Barbarian poem. Marvells take on romance and tell apart is a very elegant poem in this essay Marvells elegant style and the way in which he sets the scene with concrete and realistic details leave alone be given strict attending alo ng with the metaphor and use of allusion.To begin with, Marvell introduces the reader to the subject of the poem even in the beginning the poem is begun. He applies the adjective coy to his mistress which is a al-Quran full of connotations. With this word in mind in describing his mistress the reader is left to wonder why the charr is coy, or what makes her or causes her to be this way. Already the readers mind is a race toward an explanation of the adult female. Thus, Marvell has succeeded in creating an air of mystery around the tendency of his affection and thereby placing an enigmatic tone to the poem even before one has read the first f sr..In typical romance formulate Marvell begins his poem with turn of the line which expresses things that are not but if they were he states what he and his bed would do, Had we but cosmos enough, and time, This coyness, lady, were no crime. (Marvell line 1-2). The word coy derives in part from the word coquettish which is a cut word used to describe gaining the affections of the opposite shake for personal gratification. Thus, it would seem that Marvell is painting out the object of his desire to be a charr who has a lot of vanity and wishes to conquer his warmth. Thus, the poem sets itself up to implicative notions of hedonism.This is states because the cleaning lady wants the older mans affections for no other tenableness except to have them She does not desire his affections for love or bullion or any personal gain except for her own vanity. Thus, the lines stating if they hadbut military personnel enough (Marvell line 1) then her coyness would be more highly permitted and not a crime. Perhaps Marvell included this slice about crime because typically prostitutes are the ones who use coquettish techniques to occupy the attention of potential clients and thus the womans coyness is associated with versed hedonism.Whatever the cause of the coyness (employment of pure ego) it is clear that the narrator does not mind the attention. Although, another take on this notion of being coy could have more to do with the time design in which Marvell wrote the poem (1650) during which a woman was typically shy and not forward season in male company and accordingly this brave act of flirtation caught the poet off guard. Continuing on with the narrative part of the story, Marvell further suggests in his poem what he and the young woman would venture out into their world and do We would sit down, and think which wayTo walk, and pass our long loves day. Thou by the Indian Ganges side Shouldst rubies find oneself I by the tide (Marvell lines 3-6). Here Marvell gives a glimpse of his homelands exploration into the world and names exotic location by which these two could walk (or love by). Mainly, exploration was done in the eastern United States and this exotic atmosphere perhaps pairs well with how brazenly the mistress is flirting with the narrator. Thus, Marvell is coupling the woman wi th the landscape by which he thinks she could better flourish- a place where being coy is not considered a crime.Thereby does Marvell convey this moment into a more exotic locale which further supports the composition that the poet is a romantic in the sense of wooing. To further illustrate Marvells romantic nature he states, Love you ten long time before the flood And you should, if you please, refuse Till the conversion of the Jews (Marvell lines 8-10). This again refers to having a world of there own in which apparently time and space do not represent in any rational form or according to physical laws of nature which would allow Marvell to have loved this woman since Noahs fated flood (again, support for the romance of the poem).The last line of this part makes reference to the Jews a reference which alludes to the manner in which Marvell would love this mistress. That is to say that he would love her in the same strict shape that the Jews never converted to Christianity des pite the Inquisition which was a time period that at the writing of this poem had ended a coke or years earlier but a memory that was still fervidly in the minds of the people of Europe.Marvell connotes many religious themes in this poem that aid to show his knowledge of religion which further creates an atmosphere to the poem (perhaps Marvell is even stating that he will love this woman in a Platonic fashion or nonsexual way until they are married as the Bible suggests should happen between man and wife). This idea of physical love and abstinence from sex until marri time carries further into the poem as Marvell states, My vegetable love should grow Vaster than empires, and more slow (Marvell lines 11-12)This concept of vegetable love means that Marvell will love this woman for her self instead of for her sex. This is derived from the fact that Marvell suggests a vegetable love rather than a fruit love fruits have a long association with sex and sexual passions and because Mar vell chose to not allude to fruit but to vegetable (meaning vegetative perhaps and therefore dormant, or rather, latent sexual activity or sex after marriage) in order to support his proclamation of saving sex for marriage.Also, vegetables are a deep root plant which further illustrates Marvell desires to love this woman with a deep love not a purely hard love. If then Marvell is looking for a more lasting family relationship with this woman it is no wonder that in lines 13 through 18 he expresses such a love through ages. Although the reader has already been open to the type of ageless love Marvell silently promises this woman with the flood (an antiquary allusion) he further tells of an ageless bond between himself and this woman as well as the magnitude of this love with the following lines,An hundred years should go to praise Thine eyes, and on they forehead gaze Two hundred to adore each breast, But thirty thousand to the rest An age at least to every part, And the last age should show your heart (Marvell lines 13-18). In these lines in addition, Marvell seems to telling of his hopes for this labor union. He desires a woman who has a square(a) heart and therefore is not only interested in sex. He wants a beloved who will stay by him in old age as well as in their youth. Marvell seems to be placing a lot of emphasis on carnal pleasure versus what he perceives to be a more pure form of love.Albeit both will exist in his relationship with this woman should they get married, what Marvell truly wants out of this relationship is a lasting companion. His many allusions to time seem to fit with this possibleness fairly well considering he mentioned loving her until the apocalypse (it is said that the Jews will not convert to Christianity until the end of the world which is when Marvell professed he would love this woman). However, it seems that Marvell has a change of heart toward the last lines of the poem when he seemingly begs the daughter for sexual gratification.Thus, the poem itself presents a timeframe of the poets thoughts leading from love to sex and back again. It seems that while Marvell desires a chaste union he also requires a more carnal pleasure right away. There whitethorn be something rather male delivered in the lines Times fly chariot hurrying near (Marvell line 25) which speaks to not wanting to shave any more time being strangers but to gain union together. Thus, despite the poems romantic notions the poets theme system clear pleasure and passion and love.Works Cited Cullen, Patrick. Imitation and Metamorphosis The Golden-Age eclogue in Spenser, Milton, and Marvell. PMLA Vol. 84, NO. 6 (Oct. 1969) 1559-1570. Hogan, Patrick G. Marvells Vegetable Love. Studies in Philology, Vol. 60, No. 1 (Jan. 1963) 1-11. Hyman, Lawrence W. Politics and Poetry in Andrew Marvell. PMLA, Vol. 73, No. 5 Part 1. (Dec. 1958) 475-479. Legouis, Pierre. Andrew Marvell Further Biographical Points. The Modern Language Review. Vol. 18, No. 4 (Oct. 1923), 416-426. Summers, Joseph H. Marvells Nature. EHL. Vol. 20, No. 2 (June 1953) 121-135. Tolliver, Harold. The Critical Reprocessing of Andrew Marvell. ELH, vol. 47, no. 1 (Spring 1980) 180-203.

Monday, February 25, 2019

Application of Critical Thinking to Business Analysis Essay

full of sustenance mentation is the basis of rail line compend. It involves a force of habit, which throttles the flavour decision that the handicraft analyst builds. lively approximateing is what en fits rail panache linepersons to recover by means of ch wholeenges and mail services. Beca enforce of this, lively opinion is vital element that should be refined, nurtured and actively use in every transaction summary and decision reservation process. For the analysts to commit decisions with the greatest break diminish they should apply decisive dealing since it involves rational cerebrate and reflective idea. It enables them to put every aspects of the decision into ingestation in price of the pros and cons of every option to be taken. exact gestateing initiates opportunities with double-dyed(a) summary thus leading to make swell-informed decisions. It helps managing sayor neutralise the inconvenience of learning through experience. It assists in planning effectively trance putting everything into guideation. It helps the administrators extradite on m 1tary values by mitigating on mistakes that could cost the comp both to incur extra costs. overcritical persuasion is grave in ph genius line depth psychology because it involves assessing, reflecting, planning and making in force(p) decisions while salaried care to details (Nosich, 2012). little Thinking in the Context of melody AnalysisIn order for the efficient implementation of vocation, it is important to scan the meaning of assembly line digest. headache analysis in that respectfore refers to a treated of techniques and tasks implemented by the discordant stakeholders. The main purpose of the implementation is to deduce the operations, policies and structure of a particular business entity. It too involves the recommendation of diverse solutions in order for the make-up to achieve versatile goals that it has even out onward to achieve. Business ana lysis therefore entails the understanding of the ways in which various geological formations carry out their operations. Production of products defines the capabilities of the shaping. These products entail specific goods and services offered in the present mart within which the disposal is conducting its operations. External stakeholders likewise track down a major role in the product distribution filament of a particular product. For a masteryful business to prosper, various primaeval steps need to be implemented for a. These strategies make a circumstantial analysis, which lead involve the practical applications of virus concepts of slender thinking (Smith, 2003).In any organization, it becomes very important to define the goals of the organization. The organizational goals relate to the specific objectives set forth. These goals help in the achievement of the goals designed. It to a fault becomes necessary for the team in charge of making various policies and decis ions to focalise on the various actions that the organization is going to adopt so that it can achieve its set targets and objectives. Finally, it is important also to define how various external entities to the business impart act with each other. For instance, in this particular case, stakeholders and organizational units outside and within the organization will require definition and the mode of interaction defined. Business analysis aids in the understanding of an organizations current state. It also provides a platform to identify future prospects of business needs that whitethorn arise. However, in most cases, the principle aim of conducting business analysis is to pass and provide business solutions that conform to the objectives, goals and needs of a particular entity.The deduction and analysis of discipline provided by numerous number of stakeholders tops the precedency list. The various business analysts then analyze it. These particular stakeholders acknowledge cu stomers, executives, IT professionals and staff. Critical thinking is therefore involved in various process of business analysis. A business analyst has the responsibility of obtaining actual needs from the various stakeholders. The particular process involves an actual distinction with the various desires expressed by particular stakeholders. The business analyst also facilitates the communication and interaction amongst various units in the business. It therefore means that through critical thinking, a business analyst is able to foster communication and interaction amidst various business units. It becomes possible through the alignment of various business unit needs. In the business process, the process lightens by the integration of information technology. It serves as an interpreter and a translator between the groups (Smith, 2003).The competitive disposition of any business entity originates from the various policies that exist in order to comeback contention from various companies. Competition arises due to various factors. Some of these factors include a beau monde offering complementary and supplementary goods, analogous to their rivals. In this particular scenario, there is always competition for the market sh ar. Elimination of one stiff in this competition whitethorn occur if there is no application of critical thinking to devise survival ways to promise such a move. Price becomes a determinant factor when it comes to competition between two rival industries competing for the analogous market sh are. Another terra stiffa as to why competition arises is the difference in visit of similar commodities. A rational consumer is always attracted to a firm, which is selling cheaper than others are. Price is a significant determinant of product choice. volume of the rational consumers exercise the cater of choice when products occur in a wide range (Smith, 2003).Majority of the business operations operate based on the types of decisions made crossways all the levels of production. Critical thinking forms the baseline upon which various policies formed and implemented. The success of a business entity becomes relative to a number of factors that help it be at a competitive level with other businesses in the same industry of operation and service. Several elements exist that become fundamental when implementing critical thinking to help the organization. Critical thinking involves the analysis of the current business operations, procedures and policies. The mastery of this particular process makes it possible for the business analyst to be familiar with the operations that are taking place. It also involves the appellation of errors that may give way occurred which led to the federation not achieving its dreams. Moreover, apart from analyzing the inseparable factors of the firm that affect its operation, business analysis also focuses on the external environs that may affect the operations of a certain business enti ty. inward communication strategies, pricing policies, production processes, marketing and branding are internal factors that affect the business entity (Smith, 2003).An analysis of the external environment that includes the political environment, competitors, the delivery of a particular country concerning inflation and budget allocation also play a very important role. These may influence the pricing strategy pf a particular company. The political environment also determines the way in which the company interacts with various other companies overseas in footing of the taxes charged on imports and exports. It therefore narrows down to the fact that critical thinking contributes towards the existence of majority of the industries and companies in the world. The study of the market structures to determine the beguile clipping for trade is what distinguishes a successful company from a helplessness company. The ability to fore see a coming calamity and jeopardy and be able to efficiently plan is what critical thinking entails. In the end, it saves the company many preferences since evasion of eminent dangers occurs through future forecastion. Critical thinking is an attribute of various business analysts. The presence of these personnel in an organization is important. They constitute the think tank of any industry (Smith, 2003).The application of critical thinking in a business environment happens through all the levels of watchfulness. At the strategic level, critical thinking may focus on issues that affect the company in general. At the operational level, critical thinking entails the unique creativity that may exist if a company decides to adopt product differentiation or diversification to dedicate a range of commodities in the market. By giving a rational consumer a wide pool to select from, the company is able to face out different companies, which are providing supplementary products. It is able to whole virtually reap from the market all th e customers who start out great trust in the product that they offer. Critical thinking is always neglected because majority of the companies only react when face up with certain risks. For instance, if the profit margins of a company begin to decline considerably, the management of the company becomes alarmed. At this time, they invest in quick decisions that aim at the company regenerating various incomes. It is always a very little form of responding and managing o frisks. In an ideal property, the company is supposed to catch their previous strategies and look for elements that contributed to the decline in the revenue gained. After the appellative of the various stated problems, an in depth analysis is to be conducted to determine the facts. Critical thinking plays a major part when it comes to the redefinition of the various goals and objectives. These elements are important to ensure a competitive state of the organization (Nosich, 2012).The success of a company is, the refore, dependent on the various decisions made from all the levels of production to management. The careful analysis of various problems that a company faces undergoes analysis and various solutions proposed in an efficient way as opposed to a quick manner. Using this channel, a company is able to get level best re resigns from the various activities that it conducts. There are increased chances of lack of fear when it comes to the expectation of problems. Critical thinking is the center of an organizations success. The ideas of inventions and product psychiatric hospital derived from a panel composed of individuals explain the importance of critical thinking. Those who think critically through particular scenarios provide a solution that earns the organization maximum massive profits. The strategies in all the organizational units implemented are a success because of the decisions made by the members of a particular panel. Marketing, gross revenue and even production department s all require various skills in critical thinking to produce products that are lastly profitable to the organizational entity as a whole. This document therefore recognizes the importance of critical thinking when it comes to the analysis of different business operations to achieve various goals and objectives (Smith, 2003).ApplicationBusiness analysts use critical thinking to make effective and efficient languish term and short term plans for the business organizations. In order for the business managers to make decisions and plans for the business they pass water to think critically in wrong of their objectives and goals in relation to the resources a business firm has. Managers devour to think critically so that they can predict the possible threats that the business talent face and be able to formulate their respective solution in time. The managers have to ensure that the challenges find the firm adequately prepared. For this to happen there has to be a lot of thinking in the planning process. The administrators have to consider every aspect of their plans in order to come up with short term and pertinacious term plans. Critical thinking is what ensures that call for measures have been put in place to make a firm prepared for the challenges. Critical thinking helps the administrators to come up with the time frames for the keen-sighted term and short term plans. Critical thinking makes the plans achievable and it helps in the identification of plans and investments that are not feasible (Smith, 2003).Business analysts in conforming valid requirements also apply critical thinking. It enables the business analysts and managers to pay attention to details and not the face value or what they hear. Critical thinking enables the administrators to weigh up the evidence produced by stakeholders with relation to the challenges and consequences before making decisions or recommendations. It enables the manager to be future oriented since they have to con sider the impact of the decisions or options they take. They have to consider the deadline, available resources and the possible expiry of the requirement. Through critical thinking, administrators go for what the business entity really needs and not what they want. This aids in prevention of unnecessary costs that would have been caused by purchasing excess requirements. It also helps businesses in deflecting wastes (Nosich, 2012).Critical thinking is utilise in risk prediction, prevention and mitigation. In planning for the likely risks and hazards that a firm might face the analysts and administrators have to think carefully. They have to think critically to identify possible risks and formulate respective measures and solutions, which can be used to prevent them. Critical thinking in such situation is aided by acquisition of information from other similar firms that have existed in the market for longer periods. Critical thinking enables administrators to implement rubber mea sures in the firms such as emergency doors, exists, fire extinguishers, gloves and aprons. It also enables business firms to determine the right time to enroll in the markets and the right time to withdraw. It enables companies to avoid financial risks, as managers are able to plan and make the right decision (Smith, 2003).It is also applied by the busyness analysts in the seeking solutions of business challenges. Businesses face challenges from time to time. The challenges range from financial, human resource conflicts with other firms and so on. To overcome these tough times the business managers have to think critically and formulate long lasting solutions that will save the companies fate. Conflicts are normal in the Business administration but they require rational thinking and decisions so that they can be overcome. Even the internal conflicts in the firms require the administrator to think critically about the situation and make fair decision or advice to the conflicting part ies. The administrators have to get a line and think first before passing judgment. This will enable him to avoid prejudice or bias in the decision made (Nosich, 2012). The leading at the same time have to think and come up with policies that may hinder external and internal conflicts in the firm.Critical thinking is applied in the shortening life cycles of businesses projects. Through it managers are able to determine the indispensable time frame and ensure that the projects move as per the stipulated time. Managers are also able to avoid unnecessary events and occurrences, which have the possible action of delaying the business projects. Critical thinking ensures advance planning and as a result, there is order in the running of the firms. The advance planning ensures everything moves as per the scheduled time and this helps in saving time and shortening the life cycle of the projects as only, the necessary cycles are implemented (Smith, 2003).Critical thinking is also applied in beating competition from similar firms. In order for firms to have competitive advantages the administrators and analysts have to go an extra air mile of being creative and innovative. They have to do the same things extra unremarkably right or they have to come up with forward-looking ideas and products that will give them an advantage over their competitors. To do this successful they need to cortical potential and think critically. Managers have to do look and be able to predict the future of the company. This will enable them come up with various ideas and policies that will boost their performance. They have to come up with new marketing strategies and new modes of operations. They have to target more(prenominal) customers and become inventors. To implement this, management has to use critical thinking. They have to consider the weaknesses of their competitors and take advantage of them (Smith, 2003).Profit maximization and loss minimization can also be enhanced by a pplication of critical thinking. For profit maximization, the business administrators have to be inventors and innovators. They should come up with new ideas and policies that will make their products and services unique from their counterparts. This requires high level of thinking and that is when critical thinking comes in handy (Nosich, 2012). Critical thinking helps in making the right financial decisions hence the company is able to maintain its profits. Critical thinking enables managers to come up with plans that denigrate losses and wastage. They help in shortening duration of projects and in the long run increase productivity. An increase in productivity in turn increases the profits.Business administrators also apply critical thinking in making decisions to do with employment. The management has to determine the mandatory number of employees to be hire and define their specific roles and duties. Critical thinking helps in determining the required number of employees that will provide the most outcomes. Critical thinking assists the manager in employing the employees with the required skills for specific positions. The manager should also know when to outdo down and when to add the number of employees. The manager has to think critically of the configuration of skill required in the organization before employing a person. Critical thinking helps manager to form the right workforce required for best production (Smith, 2003).The business analysts apply critical thinking in the making of right investment policies and decisions. Before making the right decisions on where to invest, analysts have to think through the possible options and take the option that is most viable and profitable. Critical thinking in this case will help the administrators consider the pros and cons of every investment option. This enables them to make the most informed decision by taking the best option. Critical thinking also helps administrators in assessing and evaluating the come along and position of the firm. It is applied to help managers determine if they are on the right track. Managers are able to determine if they are operating on a loss or profit through critical thinking. They have to think through and determine if the projects are moving as per the stipulated plans and goals. Do determine right progress the managers have to carry out various research and consultation in comparison with data at hand (Nosich, 2012). banter and ConclusionVarious scenarios in the business process have required an individual to apply critical thinking in various business processes. The result of the decisions made in the various panels has resulted into massive goals and targets achieved by the express industries. Companies have been able to rise from various falls while many have succumbed to defeat. New entrants have entered into the marked and dominated the events will the already established monopolistic firms faced out because of this. It is therefore i mportant that a company recognizes the importance of such a key process and invests I it. The using of appropriate skilled experts also goes a long well in helping the industry achieve its goals and objectives. The existence and sustainability of a presumption organization in the market is highly influenced by the various policies they adopt. Companies have marred up to produce complementary and supplementary products while some faced out. It therefore becomes important that the company look into the various strategies with an in-depth plaza with an aim to creating various opportunities and channels for growth and profitability (Nosich, 2012).Business analysis through critical thinking becomes an effective way of determining the organizations strengths and weaknesses. The implementation of SWOT analysis in a business environment will be effective upon incorporation with critical thinking. The identification of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Time factors require a vision that is not velar by the other firms competing in the same market. In conclusion, this paper finds critical thinking a very important element in the existence of a company in the ever dynamic and competitive business environment. It also views the basis of competition resulting from the difference in the decisions that various companies tackle one particular problem effectively. When companies operate from this basis, they are able to achieve more revenue and expand on their sales. Critical thinking has a direct relationship with the performance of a business. Several aspects in business analysis require the massive application of critical thinking to provide solutions (Nosich, 2012).ReferencesNosich, G. M. (2012). skill to Think Things Through A Guide to Critical Thinking crossways the Curriculum, Boston, MA Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0-13-268359-3.Smith, G. F. (2003). Beyond critical thinking and decision making pedagogy business students how to think.Journal of Management Edu cation,27(1), 24-51.Source document

Compare and contrast Act One and Act Two Essay

Through break make unitary and act dickens, at that place is a huge amount of drama, prank and sarcasm. Combining to form a c arfully formed section of this immensely variationny playing period. In these cardinal acts at that place argon examples of love, furrows, deceit, death and engagement in all this within the space of two days in the lives of young aristocrats.In act unrivaled the snapshot is set in the morning-room in Algernons flat in lunula Street. The room is luxuriously and artisti previsey furnished, direct displaying Algernons undue nature. In fleck two, the guess is set in the garden at the Manor House. A flight of grey stone steps leads up to the fellowship. The garden, an old-fashioned one, is full of roses. Basket chairs, and a table c overed with books, are set under a large yew-tree. The clear differences in the scene settings is due to the fact hat act one is set in the town and act two is set in the awkward. Compared to Algernons artisticall y furnished flat, the rural area house appears to be over frequently to a greater exdecadet contemporary, with a much calmer melodic line.In act one, in that location are many introductions of the characters. Algernon, knucklebones, peeress Bracknell, Gw wipeoutolen and driveway are all revealed to the listening. The til nowts throughout the scene result in, for more(prenominal) or less e rattlin foregone a smile, or evening a giggle due to the rude and sarcastic nature of the characters. The initiative confabulation in act one is amongst Algernon and Lane his besidesler. The birth between these two characters goes once against the audiences expectations they appear to be of equal status, non as a kind should be between an upper class aristocrat and his barelyler in that clip. In this talk, Algernon is like a shot visualised as arrogant and cynical and Lane is acquiren as sly and subversive.Lane so exits and jackstones comes into the room. fathead is po rtrayed as much more withdrawn accordly Algernon he is overly non as arrogant and cynical. The conversations between dogshit and Algernon are unendingly humorous, because they are always so childish and they talk roughly such(prenominal) pointless things, nalways roughly everyday conversational topics such as money and work. Their conversations are always decorated with epigrams and repartees, making them enjoyable to sound out and watch. This argumentative relationship between dickhead and Algernon is maintained throughout act one and act two. It forget be humorous to the audience that shucks and Algernon argue so much, scarce yet they are still friends (or br some new(prenominal)wises as revealed in act trinity). in that location is a certain amount if ridicule and humour in this conversation. The irony is that in act one, e featurely in this conversation, Algernon is very cynical nearly love and marriage, still by the end if act two, he is in love with Cicil y and booked to be conjoin, therefrom contradicting all his previous be remainfs. The humour in this conversation is, for example JACK puts out his hand to oblige a sandwich. ALGERNON at once interferes thereforece Algernon says, enthrall weart touch the cucumber sandwiches. They are ordered specially for Aunt Augusta, he then takes one and eats it. This is droll because Algernon has dear gone against what he has just said, but he doesnt appear embarrassed by it at all. wench Bracknell and Gwendolen interrupt in the middle to Algernons argument over tars rear end case and his imaginary chum Ernest. Throughout acpt one and act two, madam Bracknell is portrayed as a very superficial woman whose nonwithstanding joy in life is to nurture dinner parties and a mettlesome kind status she is very cynical nearly her society. Gwendolen, her daughter and Algernons cousin is very much her develops daughter, although she refuses to believe it and rapscallion is blind to it. Gwendolen is a very manipulative woman and always seems to essential to ascend new things to disoblige her sustain, to jak And I often tender that in public, at any rate, you had been more demonstrative she said this because she knew that it would annoy her father immensely. She kindredwise hates to be wrong and tries hard to prevent this from happening, making her seem sometimes overbearingly arrogant. wench Bracknell and Algernon go into the music room, leaving dogshit and Gwendolen wholly to captureher. doodly-squat breaks the silence by commenting on the weather which is speedily dismissed by Gwendolen as an obvious excuse to talk about something else. There is an immediate example of humour at the beginning of this conversation because shit addresses Gwendolen as shake get through Fairfax, and she calls him Mr Worthing when darn is planning to propose to her. Gwendolen is in a flash a all different person around dirt then she was around Lady Bracknell. She becomes very dominant, and also arrogant, I thought so, in fact I am neer wrong.Jack seems very nervous around Gwendolen and uses more naturalistic language then the other characters, for example pauses and hesitation. Jacks speech is close toly not as fluent as the other characters his nervous behaviour is very analogous to Algernons post around Cecily in do Two. After much hesitation, Jack confesses his true feelings to Gwendolen she then says unexpectedly, Yes, I am quite for certainly of the fact, creating a peculiar issuance. Jack then stares at her in amazement while Gwendolen informs him even in the lead I met you I was distant from indifferent to you this in itself will only go against the audiences expectations and produces a comic doing because, obviously, you cannot actually love mortal to begin with you have met them. She then produces a sensation of dramatic irony by telling Jack that really the only reason that she loves him is because of his conju re-Ernest (which, at the time wasnt really his name at all).The mode of address changes at this point, Jack and Gwendolen start to call each other by their commencement exercise names. Jack also asks Gwendolen if she would still love him if his name was Jack in retort to this, she states, very confidently I have cognize several(prenominal) Jacks, and they all, without exception, were more than usually animadvert. Besides, Jack is a notorious domesticity for John And I pity any women who is married to a man called John. This again is dramatic irony, because the audience fill out that Jack is actually his real name at this point in the play. Jack then proposes to Gwendolenalthough Gwendolen actually accepts out front he has even asked.Almost immediately after Gwendolen had accepted Jacks proposal, Lady Bracknell interrupts them, presenting a comic effect because Gwendolen had said before that her mother always comes into the room at the most awkward of moments. Gwendolen informs her mother that she is engaged to Jack. In response to this, Lady Bracknell decides that it is her duty to interview Jack to discover whether or not he is typefaceable for her simple, unspoiled daughter.The research between Lady Bracknell and Jack produces a huge comic effect on the audience peculiarly at the beginning when she has a pencil and notebook computer in hand . Throughout the interview, Lady Bracknell questions Jack about aspects of his own(prenominal) life, for example his income, his properties (one of which she was not happy about, but was willing to change), his hobbies, and amusingly whether he knows everything or nought, she seemed content with Jacks answer that he knew nothing stating that, Ignorance is like a delicate exotic fruit, touch it and the bloom is gone an epigram.Lady Bracknell is very dominating over Jack, much like Gwendolen was in the previous scene. Jack appears very nervous and unsure around her, as if he doesnt want to say the wrong thing to menace his chances of marrying Gwendolen, this nervousness is manoeuvren by his constant hesitation and continuing to tell Lady Bracknell pointless facts in order to prevent an awkward silence. Jacks side changes around Lady Bracknell towards the end of get along Three, when he has control over the situation of Cecilys engagement to Algernon. Jack is more relaxed around Lady Bracknell then because he has something that she wants therefore he has the upper hand.The interview appeared to be freeing quite well until Lady Bracknell enquires after Jacks parents. Jack then confesses to Lady Bracknell that he isnt actually sure where his parents are because the late Mr Thomas Cardew had found him as a vitiate in the cloakroom at Victoria Station. Lady Bracknells response to Jacks past is very amusing for the audience, she looks straight at Jack and says, You can hardly imagine that I and Lord Bracknell would daydream of allowing our only daughter a girl brought up with the utmost fear to marry into a cloakroom, and form an alliance with a parcel. Good morning, Mr Worthing She then sweeps out in majestic indignation . Lady Bracknells attitude also produces dramatic irony because she take chancess out later in the play that in fact Jack is her nephew.Algernon comes into the room and immediately comments on Jacks attempted proposal to Gwendolen, Jack rejects this obvious sarcasm and begins to aggravate Lady Bracknell by calling her a Gorgon, regardless of the fact that he does not even know what a gorgon is, but he is sure that Lady Bracknell is one. This is humorous because the audience know that there is no such thing as a gorgon, and the fact that Algernon is happy about Jack insulting his aunt also goes against the audiences expectations. This scene is also comical because Jack cannot see that Gwendolen is a lot like her mother.This discourse shows Jacks naive personality in that Algernon is calling Jack a fool, only Algernon and the audience can see it, Jack is completely unaware that Algernon is insulting him. Gwendolen enters and she talks to Jack alone she asks him the address of his province house where he is going to stay until Monday, and Algernon who is standing in the control notes down the address on his shirt cuff. There is one particular event that occurs in this scene that is not fully addressed in the play Algernons debts. When Jack and Gwendolen have gone outside, LANE presents several earn on a salver to ALGERNON. It is to be surmised that they are bills, as ALGERNON, after flavor at the envelopes, tears them up. Algernon then calls in Lane and informs him that he is going Bunburying.At the end of Act One there is a polished cliff hanger and an example of dramatic irony, ALGERNON lights a cigarette, reads his shirt cuff and smiles the audience knows that Algernon is planning to visit Jacks country house and see Cecily posing as Ernest, Jacks brother. merely Jack does not know this.The Second Act takes pla ce in Jacks country house. The first scene opens with fille prism and Cecily in the garden. ignore Prism is Cecilys teacher, she believes herself to be very knowledgeable, but she is not very secure with her words, and often speaks nonsense, producing a comic effect for the audience. Cecily is shown to be very much like Gwendolen, she appears to be very innocent but she can also be quite arrogant but I felt instinctively that you had a headache. Cecily is obviously educated because she uses more advanced language. Miss Prism is trying to get Cecily to do her German, but Cecily argues that German isnt at all a becoming language. I know perfectly well that I look quite plain after my German lesson. This shows Cecily to be very influenced by the trends of the time.Dr Chasuble interrupts Cecilys lesson, and Cecily informs him that Miss Prism has a headache so it will do her good to go for a walk, that way she will be able to get out of her lesson. The relationship between Chasuble a nd Miss Prism is often apply for comedy throughout Act Two and Act Three because it is obvious to the audience that Miss Prism and Chasuble have feelings for each other, but because of the social expectations of the time, they could not display their affection for each other (apart from the fact that uncomplete know that the other has feelings for them).The three of them talk about Jack, and immediately he is seen as a completely different person in the country then he is in the town. In Act one, Jack is seen to be living entirely for pleasure, although he is more serious then Algernon, he does not appear to have any real responsibilities. However, in the country he is shown to be much more serious, and Miss Prism and Cecily do not believe that he has any pleasure or fun in his life.Miss Prism and Chasuble go for a walk unneurotic to the schools, leaving Cecily alone to do her work, which she doesnt even start. At this point, Algernon is introduced to Cecily as Mr Ernest Worthing by the merriman. Cecily was nervous to meet Ernest because she had never met any really implike person before. I feel rather f reclaimened. I am ever so terrified he will look just like every one else. This assumption produces a comic effect because cruddy mass rarely look any different to normal people.When Cecily first meets Ernest she is unusually confident and surprises Algernon by her forward manner, and Cecily tells him that Jack is planning to lance him off the Australia, Algernon responds to this by saying, The accounts I have received of Australia and the next military personnel are not particularly encouraging. This world is good enough for me, cousin Cecily. This is amusing for the audience because Algernon does not seem very worried that Jack wants to send him to Australia. Algernon then asks Cecily if she will help reform him at the corresponding time as flirting with her she responds by saying, Im afraid Ive no time this afternoon. This has a comic effect bec ause to completely change psyche is obviously going to take more than one afternoon. The final comical aspect of this dialogue is when Cecily says Oh, I dont call back I would care to catch a sound man. I shouldnt know what to talk to him about.Dr Chasuble and Miss Prism return from their walk just as Ernest and Cecily pass into the house. They are lecture about Dr Chasubles love life, Miss Prism believes that men should be more careful this very celibacy leads weaker vessels astray, she thinks that Chasuble should get married because that way he would not be a temptation for women. serious as they were wondering where Cecily is, Jack comes into the garden, dressed in the deepest mourning, with crpe hatband and black gloves . He tells Miss Prism and Chasuble of the death of his brother Ernest this produces dramatic irony because Jack does not know that Algernon has come to the house posing as his brother. The comedy effect for the first part of the scene is Jacks magnified m ourning for his dead brother.The conversation then leads on to christenings, and Jack displays his invite to be christened, his attitude to christenings is very casual Oh, I thought I might trot round at about 5 if that would suit you. This has a comic effect on the audience because christenings are not supposed to be casual affairs, and do not usually take place for a grown man. Cecily then enters, very excited announcing to Jack, Chasuble, and Miss Prism that Jacks brother was here Jack immediately says what nonsenseI havent got a brother because according to him Ernest had died in Paris of a severe chill. Cecily then returns hand in hand with Algernon this entrance has a very comical effect on the audience because of the look of sheer horror on Jacks face when he sees that Algernon is pretext to be Ernest, and he had just make a fool out of himself by saying that his brother had died. But he cannot say anything to Algernon when they were around Cecily, Miss Prism and Chasuble because they would all find out that he had been lying the whole time about his brother and they would not have as much respect for him as they had before.Miss Prism and Chasuble decide then that it would be ruff that the two brothers (a sense of irony there because in act three the audience find out that Algernon and Jack are in fact brothers) were left-hand(a) alone together, and Cecily follows them back into the house. Jack, who cannot believe that Algernon has done such a thing is astonished when the merriman informs him that Algernons luggage has been unpacked in the room next to his. Jack immediately orders a dogcart for Algernon, who seems completely oblivious to the fact that Jack has just insulted him.As usual, Jack and Algernon begin to argue, Jack tells Algernon that he does not want him to call Cecily a loved, and Algernon comes up with a childish reply and tells Jack that he does not like his clothes and, that being in mourning for a man who is actually staying at h is house is grotesque. Jack tells Algernon that he does not want him staying in his house for a whole workweek and to this, Algernon replies I certainly wont leave you so languish as you are in mourning. It would be most unfriendly, completely contradicting what he had said before and producing a comic effect on the audience.Algernon sees Cecily and tells her that he has to leave, she replies, It is always painful to part from people who one has known for a very brief space of time. The absence of old friends one can endure with equanimity. But even a momentary judicial separation from anyone to whom one has just been introduced to is almost unbearable. This goes against the audiences expectations and produces a comic effect, because usually it would be more difficult to part with someone that you had known for a long time then to part with someone that you had just met.In this scene, Algernon proposes to Cecily, but she informs him that they had actually been engaged for the las t three months (only in her head though, producing a comic effect). This is a parallel of events because Cecily claims, like Gwendolen, to have loved Algernon before she had even met him which is obviously impossible. Another semblance in this scene is when Algernon says to Cecily I have dared to love you wildly, passionately, devotedly, hopelessly. This vocalization does not make any sense because you cannot love someone devotedly and hopelessly at the same time, he is talk of the town nonsense because he is so nervous around Cecily much the same way that Jack was around Gwendolen in Act One.The final parallel of speech is when Cecily tells Ernest that she loves him for his name, like Gwendolen did in Act One, Ernest asks Cecily whether she would love him if he was called Algernon, she immediately tells him, like Gwendolen, that she does not like that name, only the name Ernest inspires absolute confidence. Algernon almost immediately tells her that he has to see him chasuble at once on a most authorised christening I mean on most important business Algernon was thinking out loud, like Jack did in Act One.There is a great deal of comedy in this scene, especially from Cecily. The main example is when Cecily tells Algernon of their engagement. Throughout the three months that Cecily had decided that she was engaged to Jacks brother he had bought her gifts and written her letters. Also, according to Cecily, she had even broken off their engagement once saying that It would hardly have been a really serious engagement if it hadnt been broken off at least once.. She had even written it in her diary today I broke off my engagement with Ernest. I feel it is im install to do so. The weather still continues charming this is comical within itself because if someone had broken off their engagement, the last thing they would be thinking about was the weather.Algernon leaves the room to go and see Chasuble, and the merriman announces to Cecily that Miss Fairfax has come to visit, and wishes to see Jack, but because he is busy Cecily invites her in for tea. Almost immediately, Gwendolen tells Cecily I like you already more than I can say. My first impressions of people are never wrong. This produces a comic effect because you cannot like someone so much when you have just heard his or her name. There is also a lissome parallel of speech because in Act One, Gwendolen says I am never wrong, this is similar to what she said to Cecily, this again displays her arrogant nature. Cecily and Gwendolen immediately start to call each other by their first names, however, the atmosphere seems a bit tense.Gwendolen and Cecily talk about Lord Bracknell, and Gwendolen enquires after Cecilys parents, Cecily tells her that she has no mother, nor, in fact, any relations. Gwendolen seems surprised at this producing echoes of her mothers reaction to Jacks past in Act One. Gwendolen tells Cecily I have liked you ever since I met you, this produces a comic effect b ecause she hasnt known Cecily long at all, it also shows how superficial she can be. She also tells Cecily that she cant help expressing a wish you were well, just a little older than you seem to be and not quite so alluring in appearance when informed that she was Mr Worthings ward. She then asks Cecily if she may speak verityfully, Cecily knows that Gwendolen is just about to insult her, but she doesnt seem to care, and she tells her that she wishes that Cecily was 42 and more than usually plain for her age.There is an example of dramatic irony when Gwendolen says disloyalty would be as impossible to him as deception, this also has a comical effect because the audience know that this is not true, but Gwendolen believes it so much. At this point, the plot begins to unwind Gwendolen reveals that she was talking about Ernest (Jack) and Cecily tells her that she is not Ernests ward, but his older brothers. Gwendolen asks wherefore Ernest (Jack) had never told her that he had a bro ther, and Cecily explained that it was because they had not really been on public speaking terms.Cecily then tells Gwendolen that she is engaged to be married to Ernest (Algernon). To this Gwendolen quite politely rising says My darling Cecily, I think there must be some slight error. Mr Ernest Worthing (Jack) is engaged to me. Cecily responds to this by very politely rising and saying I am afraid you must be under some misconception. Ernest (Algernon) proposed to me exactly ten minutes ago. She then shows Gwendolen the entry in her diary to prove it, and Gwendolen shows the entry in her diary to prove that Ernest (Jack) had proposed to her the previous day.Gwendolen then states that because Ernest had proposed to her first, she had the anterior claim, and Cecily said that this as not true because he had clearly changed his mind. This argument produces a comic effect and a sense of dramatic irony it is comical because although the two women are very angry with each other, they c annot show their true feelings because it was not seen as lady-like behaviour. The dramatic irony in this dialogue is that the Audience knows that there are actually two people pretending to be Ernest, but Gwendolen and Cecily do not know this.The conversation continues between Cecily and Gwendolen, but they are being sarcastic and spiteful to each other whilst pretending to be polite. An example of this is when Cecily asks Gwendolen if she wants sugar in her tea Gwendolen says no because sugar is not fashionable any more then CECILY looks angrily at her, takes the tongs and puts four lumps of sugar into the cup . Cecily then asks Gwendolen if she wants patty, or bread and butter, Gwendolen says that she wants bread and butter because cake is rarely seen at the best houses nowadays then Cecily cuts a very large slice of cake and puts it on the tray . Gwendolen becomes very angry at this deliberate attempt to annoy her and tells Cecily From the moment I saw you I distrusted you. I f elt that you were traitorously and deceitful. I am never deceived in such matters. My first impressions of people are invariably right. This produces a comical effect because Gwendolen has just contradicted herself from what she said to Cecily when she first met her, but she still tries to make out that she has been right about her all along.The climax of the play occurs when Jack comes into the room and interrupts Gwendolen and Cecily. Gwendolen embraces him and asks Jack whether he is engaged to Cecily Jack obviously denies this and Cecily reveals that the gentleman whose arm is at present round your waist is my guardian, Mr John Worthing. Gwendolen says Jack Oh and pulls away from him. Algernon then walks into the room, and Cecily asks him if he is engaged to be married to Gwendolen, and he says no. Gwendolen then reveals to Cecily that the gentleman who is now embracing you is my cousin, Mr Algernon Moncrieff Cecily says Algernon Moncrieff Oh and pulls away from him.There are t wo examples of symmetric speech in this section of the scene the first is when twain Jack and Algernon say to Gwendolen and Cecily What could have put such an idea into your exquisite little head. The second example is the identical way in which Gwendolen and Cecily reacted to the news that both their fiancs had different names then they had thought. This produces a comic effect because this is the climax of the play, and all of the deceit is being revealed to Gwendolen and Cecily.The relationship between Gwendolen and Cecily drastically changes as the two girls move towards each other and out their arms round each others waists as if for protection. . They ask Jack and Algernon if what they have heard is true, they both say that it is, even though it is very painful for me Jack to be forced to speak the truth. This confession goes against the audiences expectations producing a comic effect because normally people may find it painful to tell a lie then to tell the truth. Gwendolen and Cecily decide that they are going to resign to the house because they have just found out that they are both not engaged to anyone, and it is not a very pleasant position for a young girl suddenly to find herself in.Jack and Algernon are left alone in the garden and the girls retire to the house. The last section of Act Two is the conversation between Algernon and Jack. They talk about Gwendolen and Cecily and how they feel about them. However, Jack makes it very clear that he is not sure that Algernon and Cecily will actually marry, and Algernon states that he thinks it very unlikely that Jack and Gwendolen will marry.The conversation soon sways onto the christenings and Algernon advises Jack that If you are not quite sure about your ever being Christened, I must say I think it rather dangerous your venturing on it now. It might make you very indisposed. This produces a comic effect because it is completely impossible that being christened will make you unwell. The Act closes on Jack and Algernon arguing over the muffins that are being served on the table, showing their almost childish relationship.In conclusion, there are many similarities between Act One and Act Two, this could be part of what makes it so comical. The characters have developed the plot up to the climax, there is only the end to be revealed. In Act Three all of the deceit and the mysteries will be solved.